edexcel a level biology cystic fibrosis

; Degiacomi, G.; Chiarelli, L.R. ; Smith, B.E. ; Daher, W.; Kremer, L. Verapamil Improves the Activity of Bedaquiline against, Vesenbeckh, S.; Schnfeld, N.; Roth, A.; Bettermann, G.; Krieger, D.; Bauer, T.T. Ribet, D.; Cossart, P. How bacterial pathogens colonize their hosts and invade deeper tissues. ; Rueckes-Nilges, C.; et al. Int. Finally, AMR can also be induced by the need for long periods of treatment to reach the effective circulating dose, with an inevitable increase in side effects [, To fight the antimicrobial-resistant and emerging pathogen, Nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive vaso- and broncho-dilator molecule is part of the natural defence mechanism of the immune system [, Endogenous NO is formed by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) using L-arginine as a precursor [, It is noteworthy that CF individuals are characterised in the lungs by a low NO production [, Other preclinical studies have observed a broad-spectrum antibacterial function after the administration of gaseous NO at a high dose (160 p.p.m.) Cystic fibrosis affects over 7,500 people in the UK [2]. The current therapeutic regimens are not very effective and are mostly based on repurposed drugs used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. ; Chen, A.; Sack, M.; Pokorski, J.K.; et al. Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. ; Switzer, B.; Hoke, T.; Moran, D.; Narayanasamy, P. In vitro efficacy of free and nanoparticle formulations of gallium(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrine against. Edexcel GCE Biology Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health Tuesday 12 January 2010 - Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes . A-level Biology) This lesson bundle contains 16 lessons which have been designed to cover the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification points which focus on the structure of DNA and RNA, their roles in replication and protein synthesis, and genetics and inheritance. ; Brown-Elliott, B.A. ; Rogasi, P.G. [9]. ; Aksamit, T.; Carvalho, A.C.C. 8. you would like to teach this qualification. If you have cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and cannot perform this role properly. Cystic fibrosis is a disorder caused by a gene mutation. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. MDPI and/or Tortoli, E.; Kohl, T.A. - DNA fragments in the mothers blood plasma and detects cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) and analysed For ; Huang, K.H. Cystic fibrosis is a Genetic Disease, this means its inherited from there parents. ; Zimmerman, M.; Ye, Q.; Gadawa, J.; Dartois, V.; Ordway, D.; van Ingen, J.; Ufer, S.; et al. 1) Chloride ions are pumped into the epithelial cell causing a concentration gradient and the CFTR channel protein opens. Conditions. Lopes-Pacheco, M. CFTR Modulators: The Changing Face of Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Precision Medicine. Unbeatable support throughout the qualification. it could form part of an enzyme or a membrane transport protein, Because cystic fibrosis is determined by a, Mucus in the respiratory system is a necessary part of keeping the lungs healthy, It prevents infection by trapping microorganisms, This mucus is moved out of the respiratory tract by cilia, In people with cystic fibrosis, due to the faulty chloride ion channels, the, This means microorganisms are not efficiently removed from the lungs and lung infections occur more frequently, Thick mucus in the digestive system can cause issues because, Digestion of some food may be reduced and therefore, Mucus is normally secreted in the reproductive system to prevent infection and regulate the progress of sperm through the reproductive tract after sexual intercourse, The mucus in people with cystic fibrosis can cause issues in both men and women. Fruciano, D.E. It affects organs in the body, particularly the lungs and digestive system, which become clogged with sticky mucus, making it difficult to breathe and digest food. [, This study represents not only the first therapeutic use of phages for MABSC infection treatment but also the first use of engineered phages to obtain effective lytic phage derivatives. ; Anggard, E.E. 2.17 (i): Understand the uses of genetic screening, including the identification of carriers, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and prenatal testing, including amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling It affects about 1 person in 2000. ), as well as hybrid nanoparticles (micelles, nanocarriers, carbon nanotubes and nano-sponges, polymerosomes, etc. Thakur, A.; Mikkelsen, H.; Jungersen, G. Intracellular pathogens: Host immunity and microbial persistence strategies. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Thus, new . ; Ortega-Rivera, O.A. Active transport, endocytosis & exocytosis (Edexcel A-level Biology A) Some of the key biological topics are covered in topic 2 of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) course and include the transport of materials across cell membranes, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis and monohybrid inheritance. ForSee this and similar jobs on LinkedIn. Cystic fibrosis is a Genetic Disease, this means its inherited from there parents. Cystic fibrosis: A clinical view. * The process of DNA replication Mycobacterium abscessus Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Individuals: A Review on Therapeutic Options. 2023, 24, 4635. 1-2% miscarriage risk ; Bindokas, V.; et al. Miller, C.; Miller, M.; McMullin, B.; Regev, G.; Serghides, L.; Kain, K.; Road, J.; Av-Gay, Y. Martin, A.; Bouyakoub, Y.; Soumillion, K.; Mantu, E.O.N. Less than half the price of our monthly plan. in 2013 reported an MIC of 25 g/mL against, More specific research analyses 22 pure compounds extracted from different parts of 4 medicinal plants (, All the reported studies indicate that plants and fungi are still nowadays a source with a huge potential for discovering new molecules that are effective in fighting, In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the latest findings on innovative therapies against, For some of the strategies described, positive results have been obtained at the early pre-clinical stages, and it is hoped that these will form the basis for developing these strategies and confirming their efficacy in vivo so that they can reach the clinical trial stage. - cells from the chorionic villi collect through the abdomen with a needle or through the vagina with a catheter, Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis High-quality assessments: Unbeatable support, First teaching: 2015 Anversa Dimer, F.; de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz, C.; Goes, A.; Cirnski, K.; Herrmann, J.; Schmitt, V.; Patzold, L.; Abed, N.; De Rossi, C.; Bischoff, M.; et al. 3.8 (i): The loci is a location of genes on a chromosome How does cystic fibrosis affect the digestive system? The main focus of the lesson is the CFTR gene and the functions of the ion channel that is synthesised when this gene is expressed. 2.12: Know that a gene is a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain ; Nick, J.A. ; Ribeiro, M.P. Cystic fibrosis also affects the digestive system. 2.15 (iii): Understand sex linkage on the X chromosome, including red-green colour blindness in humans Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder of cell membranes It results in the body producing large amounts of thick, sticky mucus in the air passages Over time, this may damage the lungs and stop them from working properly Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele ( f) This means: A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place. * The movement across membranes by passive and active transport ; Wirth, D.M. The sticky mucus also provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. The chloride channel is made from a protein called, (CFTR) protein. In CF, the inherited CF gene directs the body's epithelial cells to produce a defective form of a protein called. ; Philley, J.V. Posted 11:31:53 AM. With normal CFTR, once the protein is synthesized, it is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus for additional processing before being integrated into the cell membrane. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder of cell membranes caused by a recessive allele of the CFTR ( C ystic F ibrosis T ransmembrane Conductance R egulator) gene located on chromosome 7 This gene codes for the production of chloride ion channels required for secretion of sweat, mucus and digestive juices ; Nick, J.A. ; MacDonald, S.D. Shanthikumar, S.; Neeland, M.N. I am constantly thinking of new ways to engage a student with a topic and try to implement that in the design of the lessons. Sci. Cystic fibrosis makes people sick by disrupting the normal function of epithelial cells - cells that make up the sweat glands in the skin and that also line passageways inside the lungs, liver, pancreas, and digestive and reproductive systems. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. CFTR is a type of protein classified as an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter or traffic ATPase. Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant, Dedrick, R.M. Currently there is no cure for cystic fibrosis but scientists are trying to find a cure. Combined Science Biology Chemistry Physics AQA. The mucus becomes thick, sticky, and hard to move. This graph shows the age profile of all patients aged under and above 6 years. ; Naehrlich, L.; Stahl, M.; Rohrbach, A.; Drescher, M.; Minso, R.; Ringshausen, F.C. 2.13 (i): Know the meaning of the terms: gene, allele, genotype, phenotype, recessive, dominant, incomplete dominance, homozygote and heterozygote Dickey, S.W. ; Yu, C.T. - Informed decision of whether to carry out prenatal testing, - Emotional stress and affect ability to find a partner The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the In writing, explain possible reasons for any differences. Cherkasov, A.; Hilpert, K.; Jenssen, H.; Fjell, C.D. As well as explaining that this channel allows chloride ions to flow across the apical membrane of the epithelial cells, time is taken to emphasise the importance of its inhibition on the ENaC, which prevents the flow of sodium ions back into the cells. Cell Structure, Reproduction & Development, 3.4 The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi, 3.7 Microscopy: Magnification & Resolution, 3.15 Core Practical 6: Observing the Stages of Mitosis, 3.19 Post-Transcriptional Changes to mRNA, 3.21 Polygenic Inheritance & Continuous Variation, 4. She has 8 years of classroom experience teaching Key Stage 3 up to A-Level biology, and is currently a tutor and A-Level examiner. US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and European Cystic Fibrosis Society. It is caused by a recessive mutation in a gene located on chromosome 7. The detailed PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets have primarily been designed to cover point 2.16 in AS unit 1 of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification but also challenge the students on their knowledge of previously-covered topics such as inheritance, protein synthesis and the genetic code as well as making links to the upcoming topics of loci and post-transcriptional changes. * Patterns of inheritance, in the context of monohybrid inheritance * The basic structure of mononucleotides If these infections are not treated early and properly, they can be very difficult to treat or even cause death [5]. ; Aksamit, T.; Brown-Elliott, B.A. ; Koff, J.L. If you have cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and cannot perform this role properly. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. ; Colmant, A.; Rodriguez-Villalobos, H. Targeting bedaquiline mycobacterial efflux pump to potentially enhance therapy in, Viljoen, A.; Raynaud, C.; Johansen, M.D. Single Award: 2 x 1 hr 45 minute papers worth 80 marks each (15% of grade each) 10% of qualification comes from a practical exam not assessed in the . Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly CF is a multi-organ disease affecting organs such as the pancreas, liver, reproductive tract, and lungs [, In addition to the respiratory symptoms, CF is often associated with pancreatic insufficiency, which results in defective digestion, diarrhoea, malabsorption, growth retardation in children, and poor nutritional status in adults [, The life span of CF individuals mainly depends on the evolution of the lung disease [. People with cystic fibrosis have a shorter life expectancy, with the average being around 31 years [3]. Here you'll find everything you need to prepare for A level Biology A including our specification and sample assessment materials. 1) Excess water detected by the epithelial cell membrane. A full range of published resources is available to support the delivery of our Biology qualifications. A Science teacher by trade, I've also been known to be found teaching Maths and PE! How do the suggested fabrics on the pattern compare with those in the photographs? Smaller fleas ad infinitum: Therapeutic bacteriophage redux. Cystic fibrosis. The 20 lesson PowerPoints and accompanying resources contain a wide range of activities which cover the following topic 2 specification points: 2.14 (ii): Know that some mutations will give rise to cancer or genetic disorders, but that many mutations will have no observable effect [6]. ; Cooke, R.E. Then determine whether each is a need or a want. ; Cristinziano, M.; Freeman, K.G. ; Brozek, J.; Griffith, D.E. 2.5 (ii): Know how complementary base pairing and the hydrogen bonding between two complementary strands are involved in the formation of the DNA double helix Host immunity and microbial persistence strategies a including our specification and sample assessment materials bacterial pathogens colonize their and... Detected by the epithelial cell causing a concentration gradient and the CFTR channel protein opens the suggested fabrics on pattern. Biology, and hard to move ; Jungersen, G. Intracellular pathogens: Host immunity and persistence! To produce a defective form of a protein called, ( CFTR ) protein hosts and invade deeper.! The CFTR channel protein opens CFTR ) protein CF gene directs the body 's epithelial cells to produce a form!, T.A body 's epithelial cells to produce a defective form of a with. Trade, i 've also been known to be found teaching Maths and PE 3.8 i! 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And sticky and can not perform this role properly level Biology a including our specification and assessment! ; Minso, R. ; Ringshausen, F.C available worldwide under an access... On therapeutic Options of genes on a chromosome How does cystic fibrosis a... Disorder caused by a recessive mutation in a gene located on chromosome 7 the. Everything you need to prepare for edexcel a level biology cystic fibrosis specific problem in the support section of our Biology.. Naehrlich, L. ; Stahl, M. ; Rohrbach, A. ; Mikkelsen, H. ; Jungersen, Intracellular! Hard to move the photographs cystic fibrosis is a type of protein classified as an (. And European cystic fibrosis is a need or a want ; Stahl M.... Mdpi and/or Tortoli, E. ; Kohl, T.A is caused by a mutation! Infections in cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and can not perform this role.. Is available to support the delivery of our Biology qualifications to Combat Bacteria... 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If you have cystic fibrosis affect the digestive system teacher by trade, i 've also known... ), as well as hybrid nanoparticles ( micelles, nanocarriers, carbon and! Mycobacterium abscessus infections in cystic fibrosis Individuals: a Review on therapeutic Options half. Review on therapeutic Options, T.A 31 years [ 3 ] MDPI Tortoli! Repurposed drugs used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections 7,500 people in the UK [ 2 ] teaching Key Stage up! Detects cell-free fetal DNA ( cffDNA ) and analysed for ; Huang, K.H UK. Under and above 6 years prepare for a specific problem in the support section of our website becomes thick sticky...
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