Kalia came too. [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: Who, together, pledged more than $150,000 to her program.]. You know, they say it only takes one time. Apparently, those grandkids SAM KEAN: Were less prone to diabetes. JAD: I dont know. It would be wrong to think that they represent all women who use drugs while they're pregnant. We'll just be honest. We actually sent our friend, Pejk Malinovski, to the archives in Stockholm to check it out. At this really marvelous place called the Vivarium. DESTINY HARRIS: Taylor Swift's Never Getting Back Together. JAD: Who now works at Columbia University. JAD: In those books you can read everything about the citizens of verkalix, going back hundreds of years. That's how we ended up with four of them. CARL ZIMMER: So they can grab onto the female and hold tight while they're mating. JAD: Anyhow, so you got this guy, Paul Kammerer, who's good with animals. PAT: And according to Barbara, the majority of the women she pays are white. What do I know? JAD: Now the Sweden story from our last segment left us both feeling a little strange. Because when a woman uses heroin while she's pregnant, the fetus gets hooked on it too. As a parent, you are a tiny blip in a very, very, long story. A couple of days later, I had already bonded with her so much, it was as if I gave birth to her. At once and we're watching 40 litters at a time. ROBERT: I think that makes a lot of sense. I just didn't think. I wonder how much you believe in it. PAT: And in 1989, when the story we're telling now started, she was living in California, in Orange County. Michael and Frances looked inside the brains of these rats and what they saw was that the rats who had been licked a lot as babies, they had more stuff in their head. I agree with Lynn, that this program does perpetuate a stereotype. DESTINY HARRIS: To her, I matter. And The other day someone was whistling and I was like, "Stop it", and it just hit me, I was like, "Oh God, I was him", it's never appeared until now. JAD: I want to start with a parental day dream for a second. I think the Swedish data are really, really strong, and very reliable. Also, thanks to Carl Zimmer whose latest is. Or is it? So Barbara and her son got in the car and drove across town to the foster home where Destiny had been living for the past eight months. SAM KEAN: And at a time when you're not making the best decisions anyway. SAM KEAN: Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. And you have to bear in mind that at this point, it only had one hand left. JAD: Hey, wait. He actually coined the word biology, too. And all over the political spectrum, from Hollywood lefties to social conservatives. The lady knew why we were there. CARL ZIMMER: Is your wife going to hear this? RADIOLAB Podcast "Inheritance" Homework Assignment Name: Rohan Desai PSUID: 9 6241 8529 Listen to the first three stories of the "Inheritance" Radiolab Podcast (Control + click on link to access podcast. LYNN PALTROW: Are there people whose drug use is so out of control they can't parent? fact checked by Jamie Frater. JAD: People can't just will themselves into a more perfect form. I just have to read this to you. OLOV BYGREN: Well It's one-fourth, we can we say. You're slippery, partner's slippery. ROBERT: So, somehow, by some chemical mechanism, starving grandpa, back when he was about 9 to 12 years old, turned out to be a good thing. Stretching got into the baby. LYNN PALTROW: The women who I've worked with, who've had a history of drug problems, aren't like the examples that she gives. I think that's where Lamarck's ideas can be woven in and make some sense. The event that really sets this story in motion, the set of events, happened a few months after Barbara had brought Destiny home. We actually sent our friend, Pejk Malinovski, to the archives in Stockholm to check it out. She was thinking BARBARA HARRIS: "Everybody's motivated by money., BARBARA HARRIS: Can I offer these women money to use birth control? FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: I think that's where Lamarck's ideas can be woven in and make some sense. And I knew that the only way I was going to get a daughter was if I went and became a foster parent and asked for one. But with the midwife toad, the female Lays her eggs on land and then the male midwife toad comes along And actually kind of sticks them to his back legs, like a bunch of whitish grapes, and then hops around with them basically until they hatch. We neuter them.". You know, when smart people say, you know, "There's no such thing as nature and nurture it's only interaction of the two," You're like, "What the hell does that mean?" SAM KEAN: Yeah, it was a very attractive theory to them in Moscow. PAT: For me, this whole story really shifted PAT: When I started spending some time with Destiny, Barbara's 22-year-old daughter. And youre saying that part of the DNA is covered up? So, the thought is, when those little boys in verkalix were really, really hungry, their hunger started a chemical process that reached all the way down to the DNA inside the boy's sperm. I should add too. It would be wrong to think that they represent all women who use drugs while they're pregnant. She carries your kids for nine months and you're like, "That poor male toad.". JAD: And I know I cant change those genes. PEJK MALINOVSKI: Here we have how much they harvested. I could have turned out like some of the other kids. JAD: But according to Kammerer, here's what happened when he heated up the toads little cage. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. MICHAEL MEANEY: Known as transcription factors. A really good radiolab about this called Inheritance. Well think about it, this is nature and nurture slamming into each other. You're obviously a great mom, but that feels cold to me. [ARCHIVAL Clip, Panel: You don't think that they should have their children back?]. I'm almost done. SAM KEAN: What's happening during this time is that you're setting aside the stock of cells that you're going to draw on in the future to make sperm cells. He actually named his daughter Lacerta, which is a genus of lizard. Even if it helps, it's horrifying. And Barbara and Destiny walked me out to my car. Because we had already had to upgrade from a car to a van, from a condo to a home. Baby, be careful. DESTINY HARRIS: That's my little girl. ROBERT: Or how much humidity it preferred. He thought that you could kind of engineer societies by changing the environment. Darwin's theory would have said, you know, 90% of the toads are going to die. And I told Destiny I was thinking about this and asked her about it. Well, so here's the thing. Well, I guess I was thinking we could just start at the beginning. CARL ZIMMER: The right hand had been cut off for microscopic slides. It goes back to the 1800s. [laughs]. Take a look, explore and subscribe! And in1923, he actually comes to England. And when she had a baby. Or is it? We ask deep questions and use investigative journalism to get the answers. We talked to her for a little while and PAT: At a certain point the social worker pulls out a stack of papers. So that's fun. MICHAEL MEANEY: I think the Swedish data are really, really strong, and very reliable. You know what they're going to go do with that money. DESTINY HARRIS: My situation turned out positive. Is that too old?" His famous example was giraffes. And um PAT: Doctors would later explain to Barbara that Destiny's mom had been addicted to drugs while she was pregnant. PAT: Watching this, I couldn't help but think that Destiny's very existence is probably the most interesting argument against what Barbara is doing. next launcher 3d shell pro apk 2019; bad products that sold well; big and tall clothing stores near warsaw; hp chromebook solid orange light; what makes a good family lawyer JAD: What can't you? LATIF: This is Radiolab. Everybody we talked to seems to think there's something really interesting going on here. LULU: In a very real way, weve been thinking a lot about inheritance. All these women who have so many babies and never try to seek drug treatment. In my naive mind, I didn't have a clue what a big deal this was. You're not leaving this hospital unless you have long-term birth control.". And he says, "This isn't a nuptial pad, it looks darkened but that's just ink.". SAM KEAN: Except he had one. At the Vivarium, as the name suggests, they have live animals. LATIF: Still, still standing. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: You have to look at one cage, say, are they licking? Why would that happen? JEAN KEAN: My name is Jean Kean. Like, "How did this happen? PAT: The moment I really felt like, "Whoa," was when we started talking about PAT: The little baby that we keep hearing in the background of everything. Because we had already had to upgrade from a car to a van, from a condo to a home. Well, I just want to eliminate drug-addicted babies from being born. I wouldn't want to put it up to chance, because what kind of life is that? When Kammerer published his results initially, a bunch of scientists immediately began to say CARL ZIMMER: "Wait a minute, hold on here, it would be nice if life was like that but life isn't like that. ROBERT: Just for those years. How do these simple little traits get passed forward? They've seen it and they've repeated the experience. And then they're going to basically revel at that particular spot and turn on that gene. All jokes aside. When Emil gets to be eight, I'm cutting him off. I mean, were not gonna do that ourselves. What's happening during this time is that you're setting aside the stock of cells that you're going to draw on in the future to make sperm cells. Anyways, God bless you. And he said, "Barbara, I'm not buying a school bus." JAD: Or very many of them right at all, but, you know, his basic idea seems to be true. ROBERT: And then the next one after that. Radiolab Society & Culture Science Latest Transcripts What Up Holmes? Well, the DNA, the RNA, micro-RNAs, histone. More what kind of stuff? JAD: I tell you what I'm going to do though. ROBERT: But the results are very clear. BARBARA HARRIS: And I knew that the only way I was going to get a daughter was if I went and became a foster parent and asked for one. Have you ever had someone call or write you and say that they regret their decision? I mean, I'm married to a Black man. ROBERT: Cause we were talking to science writer, Carl Zimmer, and he told us that back in the early 1900s, this tension between Lamarck and Darwin got extra tense. PAT: But she says she doesn't feel that way anymore. But luckily for the Vivarium and for our story, they had a guy. PAT: If Barbara had gotten to Destiny's birth mom, Destiny, Kalia, this moment, none of it would exist. CARL ZIMMER: Well, there was an expert on reptiles named G. Kingsley Noble. And the key point is that it wasnt something inborn in them. As to diabetes, it was a four-fold risk. I guess the way I would look at it is that you can change your environment a lot more easily than you can change your genes. A little village? PAT: In this magazine article, Barbara even said, quote, "We don't allow dogs to breed. Never mind, you're stuck with small boobies." I mean that's a different kind of odds, but its DESTINY HARRIS: Hi, this is Destiny Harris. Thank you so much for your interest in Radiolab. ROBERT: And they didn't have these on land? JAD: And at first, it didn't go so well because, you know, if you're a land toad and you're trying to have sex in the water, it's kind of hard. CARL ZIMMER: To build these terrariums and aquariums and stock them with animals. Something happens on the molecular level. You're obviously a great mom, but that feels cold to me. You know? I want her to be able to look back on her life one day, maybe when she's getting interviewed, I don't know, and be able to say that, "Yes, my mom was there for me 100% without a doubt." Thanks to Frances Champagne and Michael Meany and Sam Kean, who writes about Paul Kammerer in his book, . So if they saw somebody who was starving as a kid in 1820, they could then see, "Well, when those people had children and grandchildren, did anything change? And when he examined it, he noticed that there was a syringe hole there. BARBARA HARRIS: "I want to thank you for your support and kindness as always." We need to oblige the constraints of WNYC copyright arrangements and apologise for any inconveniences caused. DESTINY HARRIS: I do mean that. DESTINY HARRIS: And right now, I'm student teaching. ROBERT: According to Darwin, life and changes are ruled by chance. This whole toad thing, to the Darwinian faction, it didn't scan really. I dont know. ], Like you said, when you were in your addiction like she is], I didn't say I'm God. [laughs] Can you say, "Never, ever?" It's just a mind crushing tedium. She and I snuck away from the children into her office. And I think that no, I didn't plan on it but I wouldn't take her back for anything because she made me better. It might be a mixture. They both say that they actually often forget that they're not biologically related. The results are there. Where sound illuminates ideas, and the boundaries blur between science, philosophy, and human experience. ], [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: To any drug-addicted woman who will agree to have no more babies. ROBERT: What do you mean? All these chemicals racing by crashing into it, sticking, and one of the bits that gets covered up is that little bit that makes the proteins that create a maternal instinct. PAT: But along with the support came attacks, particularly as drug-addicted women began to sign up. You just haven't evolved for this and there's no way you can, at least not quickly. Basically, the midwife toad has a strange habit for toads. We travel to Ukraine to follow a shipment of abortion pills, and discover a complicated conversation about pregnancy and choice in wartime. I have to be creative.". His example with humans was a blacksmith. I feel that they should all be sterilized. And The other day someone was whistling and I was like, "Stop it", and it just hit me, I was like, "Oh God, I was him", it's never appeared until now. She should be with me. Yeah, the social worker called and told me the mother had given birth. So imagine the DNA in that brain cell. JAD: What happens, it'll get stuck to one little part of the DNA and now that little bit of DNA FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: Is very difficult to get at. Lamarck said, You wanna know how a giraffe got its long neck?, One day this giraffe, mother giraffe, lets say, was looking up in the tree and saw some fruit, and had to stretch he neck, and stretch again. And you have to bear in mind that at this point, it only had one hand left. ], You get them $200 each, which they can spend on crack. We talked to her for a little while and At a certain point the social worker pulls out a stack of papers. _. Radiolab is on YouTube! I just got custody of my eight-year-old son. I already knew that if I ever got a little girl, I was going to name her Destiny. JAD: Michael and Frances looked inside the brains of these rats and what they saw was that the rats who had been licked a lot as babies, they had more stuff in their head. But she says, you can tell right away, just by looking, that some rat moms don't lick their kids a lot. And she says oftentimes the women who want help have a really hard time finding it. Okay, so lets get going and stick with your boy, Lamarck, just for a sec. LATIF: Its so good that it makes you not want to trash the house, you know what I mean? BARBARA HARRIS: Barbara Harris. From pneumonia. His reputation was that he could get inside the mind of, say, a salamander and know just what it wanted to eat. LATIF: And as of 11:01 a.m. on Tuesday, when we're recording this, we have not broken the show. Sincerely, Jennifer.". The fact that you're motivated by a really beautiful, important value, that we want healthy kids, doesn't mean the mechanism you're using is going to end up helping those kids. But that you supposedly can't get to. "To Whom It May Concern, I have been doing very good. Once their born, their genes are fixed and change does not happen in a generation or two. Thats like, I mean, that seems like a thing that would be frightening. Catch up with new episodes and hear classics from our archive. This assignment is from the free science education website Science Prof Online(ScienceProfOnline.com). It seemed to have been passed down for multiple generations. ROBERT: Okay, so lets get going and stick with your boy, Lamarck, just for a sec. PAT: Lynn has become one of Barbara's fiercest critics. And one of them is called the thyroid system. I wonder how much you believe in it. ], What's the worst thing you have been called by one of your critics?]. BARBARA HARRIS: That's how we ended up with four of them. What exactly happens between 9 to 12 that makes this big difference? In a very real way, weve been thinking a lot about inheritance. That the licking is changing the baby's DNA? JAD: These are four kids from the same birth mother? No, I've only had somebody call and say they regret that they didn't stay on birth control. She actually emailed me afterwards and adjusted that number down a couple hundred. People can't just will themselves into a more perfect form. She's not offering treatment, she's not offering counseling, and there are programs that do that. After I've gotten to know so many of the women. That's the headline for his talk, and then CARL ZIMMER: Right below the headlines says, "Scientist's great discovery which may change us all.". Listen Feb 3, 2023 Ukraine: The Handoff Pregnancy, and choice, in a war. Because theyre reaching for the tops of trees. As a parent, you are a tiny blip in a very, very, long story. So that was just funny to me. Remind me this. That's what I remember her saying. The next stage, yes, no? Nobody's arguing that women should do drugs when they're pregnant. PAT: And Barbara found herself returning to a thought she'd kind of always had. DESTINY HARRIS: Yes. Yep, Im a professor in the faculty of medicine at McGill University in Montreal. 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Thing, to the archives in Stockholm to check it out already had to upgrade from a condo a.. ] assignment is from the free Science education website Science Prof Online ( ScienceProfOnline.com ) drug treatment it had! Our story, they have live animals the children into her office that the licking is changing the baby DNA... That part of the women she pays are white now started, she 's pregnant, the majority the..., so lets get going and stick with your boy, Lamarck, just a. Have no more babies down for multiple generations heroin while she 's not offering counseling, and discover complicated., Destiny, Kalia, this moment, none of it would exist exactly happens 9... Is that it makes you not want to eliminate drug-addicted babies from being born, Im a professor the. To diabetes, who 's good with animals 's arguing that women should do drugs when 're... Four kids from the same birth mother leaving this hospital unless you have long-term birth control ``... 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