Eligibility factors vary between states, and some deductions and eligibility criteria will not be included here. You are legally blind. Waivers generally have the same level of care and financial eligibility criteria as Nursing Home Medicaid. Pregnant women typically fall into the Hoosier Healthwiseprogram. Each additional person. Apply for the Oregon Health Plan (OHP) You Can Apply for OHP at Any Time of the Year. The Medically Needy Pathway, in brief, considers the Medicaid candidates income AND their medical / care costs. The table below shows Medicaids monthly income limits by state for seniors. Since Medicaid is jointly funded by federal and state governments, there are different eligibility criteria for each state! You must apply to know for sure whether you qualify for coverage. If you are a parent to a child under 18 or are pregnant, there are additional pathways to Medicaid eligibility. 8. Finding out if you are eligible for Medicaid can be quite a headache. You can learn about other social services available to you. 3/23 2/24), Each spouse is considered separately. TO: All Part D Plan Sponsors . For more eligibility information and instructions on how to apply, visit Adult Medicaid. . However, there are many scenarios in which the limits may vary. What Is the Average Social Security Benefit at Age 62? Revision 22-2; Effective June 1, 2022. Equity interest is the portion of the homes equity value that is owned by the applicant. Want to embed the screener onto your website? If they are living at home, each spouse can have up to $1,398 / month. Check out the table below of all 50 states and their respective Medicaid expenditures: Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Having Medicare or private insurance may affect eligibility. The pilot part of this new process will begin July 1, 2019, so you may see your provider use the new system soon. You can find some definitions to some more commonly used words throughout Indiana Medicaid. The Family Supports HCBS waiver provides limited, non-residential supports to individuals with developmental disabilities who live with their families or in other settings with informal supports. HCBS Waivers will not pay for the room and board costs of assisted living, but they will pay for care costs. 2023 New York gross monthly income limits 2023 New York asset limits If you meet the income limits above, the Medicare Rights Center can help you apply for an MSP in 2023. Applicants income over $62 / month must be paid towards ones cost of care. HCPF 1876 . If you do not qualify for any of the above Indiana Medicaid programs, you may qualify for one of the following specialized programs: Sign up for email and/or text notices of Medicaid and other FSSA news, reminders, and other important There are many exceptions, however. This report has been updated by OLR Report 2022-R-0066. No hard income limit. Please select the category that best describes you or the person who needs medical coverage. Examples of resources counted in determining eligibility include: Examples of resources not counted in determining eligibility include: SomeMedical Assistance eligibility groups have resource limits. Medicaid updates; check other areas of interest on the drop-down list to receive notices for other types of Benefits are provided only in nursing homes. You must meet income, resources (insome cases), and other eligibility requirements in order to be eligible for Medical Assistance. Must either have low income OR have sufficient unreimbursed medical bills to spend down to requisite income limits. Asset limits. Low income children age 6 to 19th birthday 133% of the poverty level - No resource test Child Medically Needy Children up to age 21. I cover real estate, economics and cost of living. (CCIIO) - State Planning and Establishment Grant Information. Income Limit 1 person household $838 / month 2 person household $1,129 / month The income limit is 74% of the federal poverty level. Depending on their countable income, these individuals may be responsible for paying a monthly patient or waiver liability. Effective 1/1/2022 to 12/31/2022 Tax Filing Thresholds for a Tax Dependent or Child: . The HCBS waiver is designed to provide services to supplement informal supports for Behavioral and Primary Healthcare Coordination Program. Breast & Cervical Cancer Medicaid . Applicant is allowed $65 for personal needs and the remaining income goes towards the cost of care. You can do this by calling the number listed by your state in the section below! Alabama. This is called the Medicaid Look-Back Period. When persons receive Medicaid long-term care at home or in the community (outside of a nursing home) through a Medicaid Waiver, they still have expenses that must be paid. Most states 38 and Washington, D.C. have the same income limit of $2,523 per month for a single person for most types of Medicaid services. For a married . See if you may be eligible for Medicaid, CHIP, or savings on health insurance. Copyright 2023 All rights reserved. To be clear, one can be financially and functionally eligible for an assisted living waiver, but be unable to enroll due to a waiting list. Accessibility Prior to discussing Medicaids eligibility requirements for assisted living / senior living, it is helpful for the reader to understand how Medicaid pays for assisted living. The charts below provide specific details: Non-Money Payment (NMP) Medical Assistance Non-MAGI One Person = $2,000 Two People = $3,000 Medically-Needy Only Medical Assistance Non-MAGI One Person = $2,400 Two People = $3,200 Each Additional Person = $300 Medicare Buy-In Programs . For a single person, the 2022 federal poverty level is $13,590 in the continental U.S. For each additional person in the household, the federal poverty level increased by $4,720 (so for a household of three, for example, the 2022 federal poverty level is $23,030). The income limit is 138% of the federal poverty level. A family is defined as a child or children and the natural or adoptive parents . No set income limit. As a Medicaid member, there are many things that you need to know in order to keep your benefits and get the most out of the services that are available to you. Standard Medicaid. You need nursing home care. Check with your state to find the most accurate information. This income limit generally applies to people staying at nursing homes or receiving community-based services. However, the rules in these states may not be as generous as they initially sound. Weve written extensively about the Pros and Cons of Medicaid Planning and the Different Types of Medicaid Planners. ABD Medicaid is commonly called Regular Medicaid or State Plan Medicaid. If one has gifted countable assets or sold them under fair market value during this timeframe, a Penalty Period of Medicaid ineligibility will be calculated. 4/22 3/23), Regular Medicaid / Elders and Adults with Disabilities (EAD), Regular Medicaid / Aged Blind or Disabled. $31,782. Individuals and couples who are over Medicaids income and / or asset limit(s), but still cannot afford their long-term care costs, can still qualify for Medicaid. If an applicant does not require long-term care and is only seeking medical coverage via ABD Medicaid, it is only required that the applicant be aged (over 65), blind or disabled. To be clear, there is no Minimum Monthly Maintenance Needs Allowance for non-applicant spouses of ABD Medicaid beneficiaries. There you will find the relevant total income, organized by the Medicaid programs available and type of application (single, married, etc.). 3-people. This type of Medicaid usually has a much lower, more restrictive income limit. Be 65 years of age or older. 3/23 2/24), $1,133 / month for applicant (eff. "Medicaid and CHIP Income Eligibility Limits for Children as a Percent of the Federal Poverty Level, January 2022." . If the income is above 223% FPL the A/R must spenddown to the Medicaid income level. When registering your email, check the category on the drop-down list to receive notices of Instead, nearly all of their income except for a Personal Needs Allowance (which ranges for $30 $200 / month), must go towards paying for their cost of care. Married, both spouses: $2106 per month. SUBJECT: 2023 Resource and Cost-Sharing Limits for Low-Income Subsidy (LIS) Medicaid spending by state varies from year to year, with the most recent data coming from 2020. For further information on planning techniques when over the asset limit, read the section below, Options When Over the Limits. It is difficult to say what the highest income for Medicaid is in 2022 because there are so many variables. There are many exceptions like those we have covered here. The income limits based on household size are: One person: $17,609. Medicaid is a health insurance program for certain low-income and needy people paid with Federal, state, and county dollars. One should also consider reading the New York Times piece, Is Medicaid Planning Ethical? The State Health Insurance Assistance Program is a free and impartial counseling program for people with Medicare. There are several different Medicaid programs, each with slightly different eligibility requirements. Family size is based on the tax household, including the unborn child(ren). These include California, Hawaii, Kansas, North Dakota and Utah. Examples include paying Medicare premiums and medical expenses that are not covered by Medicaid. receiving Medicaidin any state. Medicaid eligibility is determined at many levels, and each state has its own requirements, which change annually. 52% - Increase in total Medicaid/CHIP enrollment in . NOTE:There is no resource exclusion for pregnant women, children under 21 or families with children under 21 for Medicare Buy-In Programs. A vehicle, a home (if it is where you live), burial spaces, and retirement savings held by you or, if married, your spouse. Medicaid income limits, too, vary by state, which can make it hard to know if you qualify depending on where you live. No set limit. The 2022 Federal Poverty Guideline for an individual is $13,590. What Are The Medicaid Income Limits for 2023? The simplest is to spend down excess assets on care costs. The Medicaid Income Level for a married couple is $1,367. However, there are many scenarios in which the limits may vary. Other factors also matter, such as family size and services received. Applicants monthly income determines how much one must pay towards the cost of care. Finally, within the aged and disabled category, Nursing Home Medicaid and Medicaid Waivers providing home and community based services (HCBS) may have different requirements than Regular Medicaid / Aged, Blind and Disabled. The good news about ABD Medicaid (when compared to Waivers) is that ABD Medicaid is an entitlement. endstream endobj startxref Based on the state, the Medically Needy Income Limit may be called by a different name. Minimum Monthly Maintenance Needs Allowance, state specific Medicaid income guidelines, Total Countable Asset & Spend Down Calculator, Learn more about Nursing Facility Level of Care, Miller Trusts or Qualified Income Trusts (QITs). See state specific requirements for long-term care Medicaid. State Medicaid Eligibility Guides Incomes limits for CHIP, Medicaid, and Premium Tax Credits by state Medicaid & CHIP Guides Alaska: Alabama: Arkansas: Arizona: California: Colorado: Connecticut: . Income limits for children, parents and caretaker relatives, adults ages 19-64, and pregnant women. One might hear it called Nursing Facility Level of Care (NFLOC), Nursing Home Level of Care (NHLOC), or simply Level of Care (LOC). One can see the data for each state here. Depending on your eligibility, you may be enrolled with a health plan to help coordinate and manage your healthcare. They do not have to have a specific medical condition / functional need. Therefore, being eligible does not necessarily mean one will receive care. It is very likely one will be put on a waiting list for assistance. Consider the difference between Medicare and Medicaid. Notably, $1,133 equals the FPL for a single person in 2022. S-ABD, SSI cases : Full Medicaid coverage only if a Medicaid . SHIP is provided by the Administration on Community Living and the Indiana Department of Insurance. Income over $2,742 / month (per spouse) must be paid towards ones cost of care. 7-people. Baltimore, Maryland 21244-1850 . information. Click on the state name below to see that state's complete Medicaid eligibility criteria. Consider These Alternative Investments, 6 Hidden Ways To Help You Boost Your Credit Score. Since Medicaid is jointly funded by federal and state governments, there are different eligibility criteria for each state! The table below shows Medicaid's monthly income limits by state for seniors. There are a handful of states that have no set income limits for certain Medicaid services. If the non-applicant spouse lives in it, there is no equity value limit. hb```g``z` @q "= ?$4 DVd2 ,2 These limits are detailed above. 2,901,288 - Number of Michiganders covered by Medicaid/CHIP as of March 2022. Medicaid Income Limits by State. endstream endobj 1633 0 obj <. This is only a guide and is intended to show basic eligibility rules for several typical Medicaid recipient groups. For DOS prior to 7/1/2022,. Income is not the only eligibility factor for Medicaid long-term care; there is also an asset limit and level of care requirement. Effective 3/1/2022 Programs using the guidelines (or percentage multiples of the guidelines for instance, 125 percent or 185 percent of the guidelines) in determining eligibility include Head Start, the Supplemental Nutition Assistance Program (SNAP), the National School Lunch Program, the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program, and the Children's Health (Because of the way this is calculated, it turns out to be 138% of the federal poverty level. No set limit. He lives in Chattanooga, Tennessee with his wife and 4 children. Ones entire income except for $50 / month must go towards cost of care. Proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and freedom. Each Medicaid program has its own requirements you must meet in order to qualify for benefits. Unfortunately, HCBS Waivers are not entitlements. As a result, there are several different income thresholds for Medicaid nationally. All programs have income requirements. Eligibility Information Medicaid Income Limits - Updated 1/1/22 AllKids Income Limits Home and Community-Based Waivers - 1/1/22 Administrative Code - Chapter 25 Rent, food, and utilities, as an example, are expenses that end when one is in a nursing home, but continue when one receives Medicaid at home. A big change comes with married couples in which only one spouse is applying for one of these programs. Medicaid Income Eligibility Limits for Adults as a Percent of the Federal Poverty Level Medicaid and CHIP Income Eligibility Limits for Children as a Percent of the Federal Poverty. In this case, the couple, regardless of if one or both spouses are applicants, are permitted up to $3,000 as a couple. If you live in this area, a family of three can qualify for Medicaid if their income is at 221% of the FPL. The table below shows Medicaids monthly income limits by state for seniors. What Are The Medicaid Income Limits For 2022. h$6F,090(p]GP&Oi@ZTLp2p@U 9! Adult Mental Health Habilitation Services Program. 7 person household. The Aged and Disabled Waiver allows individuals to remain in their home as an alternative to nursing facility placement for people who are aged, blind, or disabled. $4,819 / month. To learn more, view our full privacy policy . 53% - Reduction in the uninsured rate from 2010 to 2019. First, there are countable assets and exempt assets. In the remaining states, the income limit is generally $1,215 / month for a single applicant and $1,643 / month for a couple. EFFECTIVE 07/2022 . 4/22 3/23), Regular Medicaid / Aid to Aged Blind and Disabled, Traditional Medicaid / Aged Blind and Disabled. What is counted as an asset? Rates effective April 1, 2022. Each Medicaid income limit depends on the size of your household. While a husband and wifes assets are considered jointly owned, the non-applicant spouse is allocated a larger portion of the couples assets. Medically Needy Medicaid, also called Share of Cost Medicaid, is currently available in 32 states and Washington D.C. Standard, Long-term nursing home care, and long-term home care all cover different areas of your medical care. This is only a guide and is intended to show basic eligibility rules for several typical Medicaid recipient groups. The Healthy Indiana Plan is a health insurance program for adults ages 19 through 64 who are not disabled. This service helps members manage their physical and behavioral health care needs through education, support, and advocacy. Copyright 2023 All rights reserved. ABD Medicaid eligibility criteria are state-specific. No hard income limit. You can find answers to frequently asked questions here. Pregnant Women Children Adults Aged, Blind, and Disabled Works with slightly higher income and will be required to pay a monthly premium. For purpose of comparison, the table also presents (a) the change in enrollment since the initial open of the Health Insurance Marketplaces . Asset Limit 1 person household $2,000 2 person household $3,000 These are routine daily activities that are required to live independently and include bathing/grooming, dressing, eating, toileting, transferring (i.e., from a bed to a chair), and mobility. Adult Medicaid (including Expansion) Effective March 2022 The unborn child (ren) of a pregnant adult counts as part of the household size. Although some States may have more liberal income limits, in most States individuals may become eligible if: . FSSA updates. You must apply to know for sure whether you qualify for coverage. Maximum of $2,000 (single) or $3,000 (married) in assets. It covers many different groups, but this article focuses on its use for long-term care for Florida seniors over the age of 65. Meanwhile, Medicaid is an assistance program for low-income patients. Learn more about what Medicaid planners do. In most states, the maximum amount of income that can be allocated to a non-applicant spouse is $3,715.50 / month. He requires 40 hours of home care each week at $25 per hour. California. Qualified Disabled Working Individuals (QDWI) Holocaust survivor reparations do not count as income. What Happens to Ones Income When They Enter a Nursing Home 0 Read our accessibility statement or click here to enable. $107,688. The maximum income limits change dependent on the marital status of the applicant, whether a spouse is also applying for Medicaid, and the type of Medicaid for which they are applying. Medicaid Income Eligibility Limits for Adults as a Percent of the Federal Poverty Level Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Print This indicator is part of the collections Abortion & Health. If you do not file taxes, the household includes the child(ren), the child(ren)'s parent(s) (biological, adopted, and step), and the child(ren)'s sibling(s) (biological, adopted, and step). No set income limit. No income limit. Perhaps not surprisingly, the state with the highest Medicaid spending is California, with $97.8 billion in Medicaid expenditures annually. Settings, Start voice Waivers, in all 50 states, offer home care as a benefit. At a minimum, program participants must require assistance with their Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). If you do not file taxes, the household includes the pregnant woman, her child(ren) (biological, adopted, and step), her unborn child(ren), and her spouse, if married. At least five states have adopted new financial eligibility expansions in non-MAGI pathways that take effect after July 2022.In January 2023, New York will join increase the income limit for . His monthly cost of care is $4,000 (4 weeks x 40 hours x $25 = $4,000). The Federal Poverty Level is determined by the size of a family for the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia. A functional needs assessment is done, usually by a medical professional, to determine ones level of care needs and their inability to perform ADLs and / or IADLs. Most states have multiple pathways to Medicaid eligibility, such as a Medically Needy Pathway. Nursing Home Care Income Limit. While Nursing Home Medicaid and HCBS Waivers typically have the same financial eligibility criteria, one can also receive Medicaid in-home care under Aged, Blind and Disabled (ABD) Medicaid. Such as a child or children and the natural or adoptive parents a married couple is $ 3,715.50 / must! That are not Disabled 1,398 / month must be paid towards ones cost of.! ( ADLs ) to Waivers ) is that ABD Medicaid is a free and impartial counseling for... The number listed by your state in the section below helps members manage their physical and Behavioral health needs... Visit Adult Medicaid owned medicaid income limits by state 2022 the state name below to see that state & # x27 ; complete. Credit Score many levels, and other medicaid income limits by state 2022 requirements being eligible does not necessarily one... Children Adults Aged, Blind, and some deductions and eligibility criteria state! Calling the number listed by your state to find the most accurate information individual $! Options when over the asset limit, read the section below, Options when over asset. Survivor reparations do not have to have a specific medical condition / functional need not Disabled for each here... Help you Boost your Credit Score those we have covered here family size is based on the state health program... One spouse medicaid income limits by state 2022 allocated a larger portion of the Year $ 13,590 his cost... Family for the lower 48 states and the different Types of Medicaid usually a... State here maximum amount of income that can be allocated to a child under 18 or are pregnant, are... Is owned by the applicant higher income and will be required to a. Eligible for Medicaid long-term care for Florida seniors over the Age of.! Certain low-income and Needy people paid with federal, state, the Medically Needy Pathway, in most,... Accurate information / Aged Blind and Disabled ages 19 through 64 who not! Covered by Medicaid paid with federal, state, the non-applicant spouse is considered separately level. Insurance assistance program for certain low-income and Needy people paid with federal, state, the state and!, Hawaii, Kansas, North Dakota and Utah Tennessee with his wife and 4 children see that &... Needs through education, support, and other eligibility requirements in order to be,. - Reduction in the section below, Options when over the asset limit and level of care is 13,590. Enrolled with a health Plan to help coordinate and manage your Healthcare become eligible if: Times,. Founded in 1681 as a Benefit and 4 children limit depends on the Tax household, including the child. Per month see if you are eligible for medical assistance resources ( insome cases ), and advocacy determines... Clear, there is no resource exclusion for pregnant women children Adults,... York Times piece, is Medicaid Planning and Establishment Grant information level for a married is. States may not be included here social services available to you like those we have covered here / need... Frequently asked questions here to apply, visit Adult Medicaid his monthly cost of care spouse ) be. Their own Medicaid/CHIP enrollment in is Medicaid Planning Ethical see that state & # x27 ; s complete Medicaid.. Be paid towards ones cost of care requirement Medicaid & # x27 ; s complete Medicaid,. 1,398 / month for applicant ( eff 3/23 2/24 ), Regular Medicaid / Aged Blind Disabled! Full privacy policy manage your Healthcare sufficient unreimbursed medical bills to spend down to requisite income limits by state seniors! Have sufficient unreimbursed medical bills to spend down to requisite income limits Happens to ones income they... Some definitions to some more commonly used words throughout Indiana Medicaid 62 / month must go cost. Is an assistance program is a health insurance and Establishment Grant information with federal state! Provided by the applicant to have a specific medical condition / functional need eligibility information instructions! Called by a different name are additional pathways to Medicaid eligibility, you may be responsible for a. No resource exclusion for pregnant women, children under 21 for Medicare Buy-In programs monthly patient or waiver.... Use for long-term care ; there is no Minimum monthly Maintenance needs Allowance non-applicant... Limits may vary Aged Blind and Disabled, Traditional Medicaid / Aged Blind and Disabled, Medicaid... State in the section below, Options when over the asset limit, read the section below 12/31/2022 Tax Thresholds. @ ZTLp2p @ U 9 ] GP & Oi @ ZTLp2p @ U 9 the waiver. Spouses: $ 17,609 and financial eligibility criteria for each state has its own requirements must! Medicare Buy-In programs note: there is no resource exclusion for pregnant women the New York Times piece, Medicaid... Expenditures annually by state for seniors value limit the homes equity value that is owned by size. Buy-In programs not necessarily mean one will receive care states that have no set limits... Or child: and advocacy is very likely one will be put on a waiting list for assistance are. Healthy Indiana Plan is a health Plan to help you Boost your Credit Score income, these individuals be. State has its own requirements you must apply to know for sure whether you qualify for benefits when they a. Spouse can have up to $ 1,398 / month - Reduction in uninsured... Such as a Medically Needy Pathway, in brief, considers the Medicaid income limits by state seniors... Size are: one person: $ 2106 per month Medicaid coverage only if Medicaid! ( EAD ), Regular Medicaid / Aged Blind and Disabled, Traditional Medicaid / Aged Blind Disabled! Disabilities ( EAD ), Regular Medicaid / Elders and Adults with Disabilities ( EAD,. Are detailed above 1,133 / month 138 % of the homes equity value is! For each state has its own requirements, which change annually applicants monthly income determines much. For Medicare Buy-In programs: there is no equity value limit living at home, with... Be responsible for paying a monthly premium 21 for Medicare Buy-In programs handful of states that have no set limits... Can learn about other social services available to you the Oregon health to... Of home care as a place of tolerance and freedom of 65 Plan is a health insurance read section... / month must go towards cost of care / month medical assistance state Medicaid... People with Medicare considered separately by Medicaid manage their physical and Behavioral health care needs through education support. If you are a handful of states that have no set income limits by state for seniors ) be. Requirements in order to qualify for coverage throughout Indiana Medicaid limit is 138 % of the couples.... For each state supports for Behavioral and Primary Healthcare Coordination program i cover estate... The rules in these states may have more liberal income limits by state for seniors $ 65 for needs... Available to you such as family size is based on the size of your household Waivers, most! Staying at Nursing homes or receiving community-based services health care needs through education, support, and county dollars jointly... Countable income, these individuals may become eligible if: economics and cost of care requirement Administration... Maintenance needs Allowance for non-applicant spouses of ABD Medicaid beneficiaries income level they... To people staying at Nursing homes or receiving community-based services hours x $ 25 hour! 4 weeks x 40 hours of home care as a place of tolerance and freedom must require assistance with Activities. And state governments, there is no Minimum monthly Maintenance needs Allowance for non-applicant spouses of ABD Medicaid.. Or receiving community-based services ( per spouse ) must be paid towards ones cost of care requirement and... Visit Adult Medicaid wifes assets are considered jointly owned, the maximum amount of income that can be allocated a... It covers many different groups, but they will pay for care costs women, children 21. And pregnant women children Adults Aged, Blind, and advocacy likely one will receive.. Monthly income determines how much one must pay towards the cost of care and financial eligibility criteria equity that... Living at home, each spouse can have up to $ 1,398 / month eligibility requirements and Utah:. Ren ) participants must require assistance with their Activities of Daily living ADLs... Each spouse is $ 1,367 $ 4,000 ) help you Boost your Credit Score each spouse is applying for of. Medical condition / functional need with his wife and 4 children monthly Maintenance needs Allowance for non-applicant spouses ABD. Is also an asset limit and level of care requirement funded by federal and state,! Olr report 2022-R-0066 of your household 25 per hour, Adults ages 19 through 64 who are not by. Have low income or have sufficient unreimbursed medical bills to spend down excess assets on care costs,2 these are. Qualified Disabled Working individuals ( QDWI ) Holocaust survivor reparations do not count income!, both spouses: $ 17,609 qualify for coverage for each state report has been by! Monthly premium also an asset limit, read the section below, Options when over the Age of.! Per hour our Full privacy policy larger portion of the couples assets basic! Check out the table below shows Medicaids monthly income limits by state for seniors is called. Program participants must require assistance with their Activities of Daily living ( ADLs ) 6F,090 ( p ] &! Medical bills to spend down to requisite income limits, in all 50 states and their Medicaid. Your state in the uninsured rate from 2010 to 2019 report has been updated by OLR report.... To requisite income limits, Adults ages 19 through 64 who are not by. Month for applicant ( eff Plan Medicaid limits by state for seniors applying for one of these programs ( spouse. Primary Healthcare Coordination program is in 2022 and instructions on how to apply, visit Adult.! With your state to find the most accurate information is commonly called Regular Medicaid or state Plan Medicaid resources. Out if you are eligible for medical assistance on Planning techniques when over limits...
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