These situations have resulted in the losses of resources, the rising tide of hunger and poverty. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has identified key priority intervention areas to increase productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms. Ethiopia seed system development strategy, Water resources and irrigation development in Ethiopia, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Theoretical and empirical review of Ethiopian water resource potentials, challenges and future development opportunities, Proxy global assessment of land degradation, review article, Challenges and potential of future agricultural development in Jordan: Role of education and entrepreneurship, Climate variability and farmers Perception in Southern Ethiopia, Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 20122050 using the spectrum suite of models, Livelihood options of landless households and land contracts in north-west Ethiopia, Policies and programs affecting land management practices, input use, and productivity in the highlands of Amhara region, Ethiopia, International Food Policy Research Institute, Surface water and groundwater resources of Ethiopia: Potentials and challenges of water resources development, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian Highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Policies to promote cereal intensification in Ethiopia: A review of evidence and experience, The Future Prospects for Global Arable Land, CSIRO Plant Industry, CRC Tropical Plant Protection, University of Queensland. Official data on landholding size across the Regional States of Ethiopia show that 38% of households access less than 0.5hectares of land, 23.65% access between 0.51 and 1.0hectares, 24% between 1 and 2ha, and 14% have more than 2hectares of land (Diriba, Citation2020) (Tables 1 and 2). Making Because many family members will be becoming jobless since the land is not enough to engage them as full-time farmers. The integral agricultural practices to sustain its growth include the use of farmland, labor, other inputs through technological progress, social innovation, and new business models in efficient and effective ways by conserving the scarce natural resources according to local conditions (Troell et al., Citation2014; OECD, Citation2011). ATA (Agricultural Transformation Agency). drought ethiopia tests changed stricken shelter somali temporary pot region cooking outside seen january Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Though the share of agriculture in Ethiopias total GDP is declining, the agricultural sector still plays a major role in the economy (42% of the GDP). WebEthiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn of . The older farmers who own the farmland but are not motivated to use improved technologies are aging and the young generation whonot engaged in the farmland contributed to the reduction of production and productivity. But the government tried crowding out the private sector leadership with no mechanization options and with little attention to rural finance and credit facilities. About 0.7% of the country is covered with natural water bodies or lakes (MoWR (Ministry of Water Resources), Citation2002) which is around 744, 400ha (IUCN (international union for conservation of nature), Citation2010), and the amount of water it holds is estimated to be 70 billion cubic meters. .jpg)
The general objective of the study is to assess export marketing challenges of Ethiopian vegetable and fruit commercial growers. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. 
Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia and requires urgent intervention to secure the food demand of the people (Woreka, Citation2004). Having a natural resource itself, may not lead a country to success through increasing production and productivity unless used properly. This score indicates improvement, however, the score is still considered to be serious. Agriculture is the largest Agriculture is a mainstay of Ethiopian economy, where around 95% of the countrys agricultural output is produced by smallholder farmers [2]. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Issues impacting agriculture identified in the survey include: Supplying the growing global demand for commodities arising from developing economies and world population growth. )), Solms (Liliales: Pontederiaceae; mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC (Fabacea) and parasitic weed (Crenata broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal on faba bean and witchweed, Striga hermonthica (Delil) Benth, Orobancheace) on sorghum are affecting the countrys economy (MoANR, Citation2016). Variable Rainfall Heavily dependent upon unreliable rainfall which may produce surplus only in years of favorable weather. Table 3. However, agriculture is still the backbone of the country which represents about 33.88% of its GDP (Plecher, Citation2020). Deforestation impacts agriculture through natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss (Oljirra, Citation2019; Bishaw, Citation2009), damaged habitat, aridity, adverse soil erosion, degradation of wasteland, extinction of life, and displacement of populations (Culas, Citation2006). It is the water towers of East Africa that can be used for irrigation agriculture and more importantly hydroelectric power for East African countries in an attempt to address the problem related to global warming. This is due to a lack of financial resources or the skills to invest, utilize, and confidence they have in the adopting of new practices, particularly the older women are disadvantaged because of gender divisions in agricultural production (ATA, 2014). However, nowadays most rural households are denied access to arable land in the highland of Ethiopia due to high population growth and shortage of arable land. So, it is suggested that balancing the productive and dependent manpower is important because manpower planning is a very important tool and technique of human resources in any sector of development. The other options will be organized into micro- or macro-associations into the different assignment that will be based on market-oriented, supported the landless householders through the provision of credit facilities to improve their income, consumption levels to reduce food insecurity regardless of their gender, race and academic status in every rural farmer association is suggested in the future. Ethiopias agriculture exports 60 percent of total exports in 2019have also been dealt a major blow as demand slows in major European and North American Therefore, this paper is devoted to reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the country. The vast majorities of smallholder farmers of Ethiopia living in perpetually substandard conditions, relying on traditional systems, undercapitalized; farm on fragmented land, depleted soil fertility with high competition of pests, and low investment in agricultural inputs (chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and pesticides) (ATA, Citation2014). MoARD (Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development). This calls for policy changes toward the reduction of the proportion of the population that depends on direct farming. The eroded soil resulted in infertile soil, low moisture-holding capacity, and a low amount of yield per hectare to be produced (Lebeda et al., Citation2010). The country is endowed with ample water resources in central, western, and southwestern parts, except dry parts of the northeastern and eastern parts which may even be supplied from the water-rich areas of the country. For instance, the citrus leaf miner, mango white scale, two-spotted spider mites, American fall armyworm, and mango fruit flies. CIA (Central intelligence agency) World Factbook. Yohanna Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and ownership. The one who owns a large family and cattle received more. This report also indicated that much of the temperature increment happened in the dry and hotspots of the country. For instance, rainfall is one of the most noticed climate variables in the country. (. These activities may include the provision of social services to accommodate the new generation (FAO, Citation2017). Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. This aggravated soil erosion, low agricultural output, conflict, and food insecurity in the country (MoFAN (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands), Citation2018). In particular, Africa and Latin America have the highest proportion of degraded agricultural land whereas Asia has the largest proportion of degraded forest land as revenue-poor national governments pursue lucrative policies of deforestation. (PDF) A Review on Agricultural Problems and Their Management To make a sustainable intensification of crop and animal production, conserving water resources, adoption of ecosystem-based approaches, such as conservation agriculture, applying environmentally safe agricultural inputs, keeping soil healthy, and use of improved genetic material and nutrient management are required to boost Ethiopian agriculture. Furthermore, mitigating the variability of climate change helps the most vulnerable group of the society to stabilize farmers income during drought and poor output (Shekuru et al., Citation2020). WebAgriculture in Ethiopia has come a long way. Agriculture is the largest sector in the Ethiopian economy, accounting for over 40% of GDP, 90% of exports and 70% of raw material requirements for agro-processing industries. It was partitioned for farmers of more than 18years as per the Derge land tenure system. EPID Publication No. The logic behind the difficulty is that almost all of the arable land is occupied by farmers mostly during the Derge regime (1975 or before 4050years ago), except some of the youth who get small farm size from their parents as gifted or inherited. But the efforts were fails because of some factors like need of incentives, technology that needs too much labor, reduction of farm size and lack of awareness. Approximately 30 percent of the worlds (, University of Pennsylvania Press (for International Food Policy Research Institute), The role of remote sensing in land degradation assessments: Opportunities and challenges, Newly emerging insect pests and diseases as a challenge for growth and development of Ethiopia: The case of Western Oromiya. The livelihood of rural households in Ethiopia, like in most developing countries, largely depends on land resource. It posed a huge challenge to Ethiopians. Ethiopia is rich in animal genetic resources, both in diversity and population. WebEthiopias total export earnings by value declined by 2.3% in 2017/2018 from the previous year. But increased input alone does not increase the food supply and staple crop yields, and thus farm income declines as population density increases. Impact of global trade policies on food security and the supply and demand for It is also estimated that over 1.5 billion tons of soil per year are lost by erosion and flooding which could have added about 1.5 million tons of grains to the Ethiopian products (Lebeda et al., Citation2010). Ethiopia has a high-level strategy to pursue agriculture-based industrialisation with a goal of achieving middle income country status by 2025 with no net increase in carbon emissions. Furthermore, feeding the population in the near future in developing countries like Ethiopia is expected to increase production and productivity. It impacts negatively on natural resources, economy, biodiversity, and adding to the already established poverty. These are the combined constraints that reduce the soil mass, productivity, health, soil quality, and fertility (Woreka, Citation2004). Trop Drylands 2: 18-27. However, following the rapidly growing population, increased number of livestock, and dependence on synthetic agrochemicals it degraded. Weak institutional and policy frameworks further may fail to enforce proper land administration and use (Dubovyk, Citation2017). The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. Although important it was, in Ethiopia, academic workers have never been recognized as important developmental issues. There are a number of weed species that are invasive, introduced, into Ethiopia at different times are including parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)); water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (C. These activities will reduce farm demand, political instability, tension, migration, and degradation of the existing arable land. The farmers continued to utilize their ancient system of production despite changing ecological and population pressures. Major destinations for Ethiopia's exports in 2017/2018 were: Asia 39.8% (of which China accounted for 22.3%), Europe 28.7% and Africa 20.9%. Fragmentation of farmland affects the smallholder communities highly to produce in a sustainable manner following an inadequate policy that used to respond with the available endogenous technological changes and population growth (Headey et al., Citation2014). Nachtergaele et al. Depressed commodity prices are the leading cause of this drop in exports. (, Ethiopian seasonal rainfall variability and prediction using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Recent experiences in land rental markets in Ethiopia: Impact on equity, efficiency and poverty, Land, land policy and smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia: Options and scenarios, Economics of land degradation and improvement in Ethiopia, The role of livestock in the Ethiopian2 Economy: Policy analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Ethiopia. Generally, land degradation is a great threat to future production in Ethiopia. Government policies regarding expanding of crop production to export fruits and vegetables to the international market to improve the citizens income are encouraging (Wiersinga et al., Citation2008).
The general objective of the study is to assess export marketing challenges of Ethiopian vegetable and fruit commercial growers. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia and requires urgent intervention to secure the food demand of the people (Woreka, Citation2004). Having a natural resource itself, may not lead a country to success through increasing production and productivity unless used properly. This score indicates improvement, however, the score is still considered to be serious. Agriculture is the largest Agriculture is a mainstay of Ethiopian economy, where around 95% of the countrys agricultural output is produced by smallholder farmers [2]. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Issues impacting agriculture identified in the survey include: Supplying the growing global demand for commodities arising from developing economies and world population growth. )), Solms (Liliales: Pontederiaceae; mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC (Fabacea) and parasitic weed (Crenata broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal on faba bean and witchweed, Striga hermonthica (Delil) Benth, Orobancheace) on sorghum are affecting the countrys economy (MoANR, Citation2016). Variable Rainfall Heavily dependent upon unreliable rainfall which may produce surplus only in years of favorable weather. Table 3. However, agriculture is still the backbone of the country which represents about 33.88% of its GDP (Plecher, Citation2020). Deforestation impacts agriculture through natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss (Oljirra, Citation2019; Bishaw, Citation2009), damaged habitat, aridity, adverse soil erosion, degradation of wasteland, extinction of life, and displacement of populations (Culas, Citation2006). It is the water towers of East Africa that can be used for irrigation agriculture and more importantly hydroelectric power for East African countries in an attempt to address the problem related to global warming. This is due to a lack of financial resources or the skills to invest, utilize, and confidence they have in the adopting of new practices, particularly the older women are disadvantaged because of gender divisions in agricultural production (ATA, 2014). However, nowadays most rural households are denied access to arable land in the highland of Ethiopia due to high population growth and shortage of arable land. So, it is suggested that balancing the productive and dependent manpower is important because manpower planning is a very important tool and technique of human resources in any sector of development. The other options will be organized into micro- or macro-associations into the different assignment that will be based on market-oriented, supported the landless householders through the provision of credit facilities to improve their income, consumption levels to reduce food insecurity regardless of their gender, race and academic status in every rural farmer association is suggested in the future. Ethiopias agriculture exports 60 percent of total exports in 2019have also been dealt a major blow as demand slows in major European and North American Therefore, this paper is devoted to reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the country. The vast majorities of smallholder farmers of Ethiopia living in perpetually substandard conditions, relying on traditional systems, undercapitalized; farm on fragmented land, depleted soil fertility with high competition of pests, and low investment in agricultural inputs (chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and pesticides) (ATA, Citation2014). MoARD (Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development). This calls for policy changes toward the reduction of the proportion of the population that depends on direct farming. The eroded soil resulted in infertile soil, low moisture-holding capacity, and a low amount of yield per hectare to be produced (Lebeda et al., Citation2010). The country is endowed with ample water resources in central, western, and southwestern parts, except dry parts of the northeastern and eastern parts which may even be supplied from the water-rich areas of the country. For instance, the citrus leaf miner, mango white scale, two-spotted spider mites, American fall armyworm, and mango fruit flies. CIA (Central intelligence agency) World Factbook. Yohanna Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and ownership. The one who owns a large family and cattle received more. This report also indicated that much of the temperature increment happened in the dry and hotspots of the country. For instance, rainfall is one of the most noticed climate variables in the country. (. These activities may include the provision of social services to accommodate the new generation (FAO, Citation2017). Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. This aggravated soil erosion, low agricultural output, conflict, and food insecurity in the country (MoFAN (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands), Citation2018). In particular, Africa and Latin America have the highest proportion of degraded agricultural land whereas Asia has the largest proportion of degraded forest land as revenue-poor national governments pursue lucrative policies of deforestation. (PDF) A Review on Agricultural Problems and Their Management To make a sustainable intensification of crop and animal production, conserving water resources, adoption of ecosystem-based approaches, such as conservation agriculture, applying environmentally safe agricultural inputs, keeping soil healthy, and use of improved genetic material and nutrient management are required to boost Ethiopian agriculture. Furthermore, mitigating the variability of climate change helps the most vulnerable group of the society to stabilize farmers income during drought and poor output (Shekuru et al., Citation2020). WebAgriculture in Ethiopia has come a long way. Agriculture is the largest sector in the Ethiopian economy, accounting for over 40% of GDP, 90% of exports and 70% of raw material requirements for agro-processing industries. It was partitioned for farmers of more than 18years as per the Derge land tenure system. EPID Publication No. The logic behind the difficulty is that almost all of the arable land is occupied by farmers mostly during the Derge regime (1975 or before 4050years ago), except some of the youth who get small farm size from their parents as gifted or inherited. But the efforts were fails because of some factors like need of incentives, technology that needs too much labor, reduction of farm size and lack of awareness. Approximately 30 percent of the worlds (, University of Pennsylvania Press (for International Food Policy Research Institute), The role of remote sensing in land degradation assessments: Opportunities and challenges, Newly emerging insect pests and diseases as a challenge for growth and development of Ethiopia: The case of Western Oromiya. The livelihood of rural households in Ethiopia, like in most developing countries, largely depends on land resource. It posed a huge challenge to Ethiopians. Ethiopia is rich in animal genetic resources, both in diversity and population. WebEthiopias total export earnings by value declined by 2.3% in 2017/2018 from the previous year. But increased input alone does not increase the food supply and staple crop yields, and thus farm income declines as population density increases. Impact of global trade policies on food security and the supply and demand for It is also estimated that over 1.5 billion tons of soil per year are lost by erosion and flooding which could have added about 1.5 million tons of grains to the Ethiopian products (Lebeda et al., Citation2010). Ethiopia has a high-level strategy to pursue agriculture-based industrialisation with a goal of achieving middle income country status by 2025 with no net increase in carbon emissions. Furthermore, feeding the population in the near future in developing countries like Ethiopia is expected to increase production and productivity. It impacts negatively on natural resources, economy, biodiversity, and adding to the already established poverty. These are the combined constraints that reduce the soil mass, productivity, health, soil quality, and fertility (Woreka, Citation2004). Trop Drylands 2: 18-27. However, following the rapidly growing population, increased number of livestock, and dependence on synthetic agrochemicals it degraded. Weak institutional and policy frameworks further may fail to enforce proper land administration and use (Dubovyk, Citation2017). The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. Although important it was, in Ethiopia, academic workers have never been recognized as important developmental issues. There are a number of weed species that are invasive, introduced, into Ethiopia at different times are including parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)); water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (C. These activities will reduce farm demand, political instability, tension, migration, and degradation of the existing arable land. The farmers continued to utilize their ancient system of production despite changing ecological and population pressures. Major destinations for Ethiopia's exports in 2017/2018 were: Asia 39.8% (of which China accounted for 22.3%), Europe 28.7% and Africa 20.9%. Fragmentation of farmland affects the smallholder communities highly to produce in a sustainable manner following an inadequate policy that used to respond with the available endogenous technological changes and population growth (Headey et al., Citation2014). Nachtergaele et al. Depressed commodity prices are the leading cause of this drop in exports. (, Ethiopian seasonal rainfall variability and prediction using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Recent experiences in land rental markets in Ethiopia: Impact on equity, efficiency and poverty, Land, land policy and smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia: Options and scenarios, Economics of land degradation and improvement in Ethiopia, The role of livestock in the Ethiopian2 Economy: Policy analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Ethiopia. Generally, land degradation is a great threat to future production in Ethiopia. Government policies regarding expanding of crop production to export fruits and vegetables to the international market to improve the citizens income are encouraging (Wiersinga et al., Citation2008).