As a whole, the global literacy rate is high. The literacy rate for all males and females that are at least 15 years old is 86.3%. Males aged 15 and over have a literacy rate of 90%, while females lag only slightly behind at 82.7%. However, massive country-to-country differences exist. ), number of registered air carriers: 22 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 673annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 126,387,527 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 9,420,660,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 142over 3,047 m: 62,438 to 3,047 m: 451,524 to 2,437 m: 38914 to 1,523 m: 28under 914 m: 25 (2021), total: 33914 to 1,523 m: 5under 914 m: 28 (2021), 4,456 km gas, 174 km oil, 104 km oil/gas/water (2013), total: 27,311 km (2015)standard gauge: 4,800 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (4,800 km electrified)narrow gauge: 124 km (2015) 1.372-m gauge (124 km electrified)dual gauge: 132 km (2015) 1.435-1.067-m gauge (132 km electrified)22,207 km 1.067-mm gauge (15,430 km electrified)48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified), total: 1,218,772 km (2015)paved: 992,835 km (2015) (includes 8,428 km of expressways)unpaved: 225,937 km (2015), 1,770 km (2010) (seagoing vessels use inland seas), total: 5,201by type: bulk carrier 148, container ship 45, general cargo 1,900, oil tanker 666, other 2,442 (2021), major seaport(s): Chiba, Kawasaki, Kobe, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Tomakomai, Yokohamacontainer port(s) (TEUs): Kobe (2,823,774), Nagoya (2,725,597), Osaka (2,425,638), Tokyo (4,325,956), Yokohama (2,861,197) (2021)LNG terminal(s) (import): Chita, Chita Midorihama, Fukuoka, Futtsu, Hachinone, Hakodate, Hatsukaichi, Higashi Ohgishima, Higashi Niigata, Himeiji, Hitachi, Ishikari, Joetsu, Kagoshima, Kawagoe, Hibiki, Mitzushima, Nagasaki, Naoetsu, Negishi, Ohgishima, Oita, Sakai, Sakaide, Senboku, Shin Minato, Shin-Sendai, Sodeshi Shimizu, Sodegaura, Soma, Tobata, Toyama Shinko, Yanai, Yokkaichi, YoshinouraOkinawa - Nakagusuku, Japan operates one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakernote - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm), Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF; includes aviation), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF; includes naval aviation), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF); Japan Coast Guard (Ministry of Land, Transport, Infrastructure and Tourism) (2022), 1% of GDP (2022)1% of GDP (2021)1% of GDP (2020)0.9% of GDP (2019)0.9% of GDP (2018)note: the Japanese Government in 2022 pledged to increase defense expenditures to 2% of GDP in line with NATO standards by 2028; if the planned increase occurs, Japan would have one of the world's largest defense budgets, approximately 240,000 active personnel (150,000 Ground; 45,000 Maritime; 45,000 Air); 14,000 Coast Guard (2022), the JSDF is equipped with a mix of imported and domestically produced equipment; Japan has a robust defense industry and is capable of producing a wide range of air, ground, and naval weapons systems; the majority of its weapons imports are from the US and some domestically produced weapons are US-origin and manufactured under license (2022), 18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (maximum enlistment age 32); no conscription (2022)note: as of 2020, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel, Japan was disarmed after its defeat in World War II; shortly after the Korean War began in 1950, US occupation forces in Japan created a 75,000-member lightly armed force called the National Police Reserve; the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF) was founded in 1954Japans alliance with the US (signed in 1951) is one of the cornerstones of the countrys security, as well as a large part of the US security role in Asia; approximately 55,000 US troops and other military assets, including aircraft and naval ships, are stationed in Japan and hav exclusive use of more than 80 bases and facilities; in exchange for their use, the US guarantees Japans security; the Japanese Government provides about $2 billion per year to offset the cost of stationing US forces in Japan; in addition, it pays compensation to localities hosting US troops, rent for bases, and costs for new facilities to support the US presence; Japan also has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023), Japan-China-Taiwan: the Japanese-administered Senkaku Islands (Diaoyu Tai) are also claimed by China and Taiwan; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves, Japan-Russia: the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kuril Islands," occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities, Japan-South Korea: Japan and South Korea claim Liancourt Rocks (Take-shima/Tok-do) occupied by South Korea since 1954, Kikumon the Japanese Family Coat of Arms of the emperor, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, https://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_en/index.html, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). )106.775 (2020 est. Literacy Rate License : CC BY-4.0 Line Bar Map Label 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 No data is available for the specified locations )197.8% of GDP (2019 est. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. -0.1%. Visit the main Average rate of correct answers of students taking the National Assessment Academic Ability (NAAA) in Japan in 2021, by subject Ratio of public senior high school The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "Education in Japan" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. female literacy south fertility rates countries total rate asia asian source male education girls adult tfr unesco uis organization august UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. )from consumed natural gas: 219.72 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. 
(mythological date of the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy), Birthday of Emperor NARUHITO, 23 February (1960); note - celebrates the birthday of the current emperor, history: previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947amendments: proposed by the Diet; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of both houses of the Diet and approval by majority in a referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1947, civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Japandual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: Emperor NARUHITO (since 1 May 2019); note - succeeds his father who abdicated on 30 April 2019head of government: Prime Minister Fumio KISHIDA (since 4 October 2021 )cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime ministerelections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives usually becomes prime ministerelection results: Fumio KISHIDA relected prime minister on 10 November 2021 by the lower house with 297 votes against 108 for Yukio EDANO and in the upper houese 141 for KISHIDA and 60 for EDANO, description: bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of:House of Councillors or Sangi-in (248 seats; 146 members directly elected in multi-seat districts by simple majority vote and 96 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years); note - the number of seats increased to 248 at the July 2022 election for renewal of half the membership House of Representatives or Shugi-in (465 seats; 289 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 176 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)elections: House of Councillors - last held on 10 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2028)House of Representatives - last held on 31 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 119, CDP 39, Komeito 27, JCP 11, Osaka Ishin no Kai (Initiatives from Osaka) 21, DPFP 10, Reiwa Shinsengumi 5, NHK 2, DIY 1, SDP 1, independent 12House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 261, CDP 96, Ishin 41, Komeito 32, DPFP 11, JCP 10, Reiwa 3, SDP 1, independent 10; composition - men 420, women 45, percent of women 9.7%; note - total Diet percent of women 14.7%note: the Diet in June 2017 redrew Japan's electoral district boundaries and reduced from 475 to 465 seats in the House of Representatives; the amended electoral law, which cuts 6 seats in single-seat districts and 4 in multi-seat districts, was reportedly intended to reduce voting disparities between densely and sparsely populated voting districts, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch; associate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum at the first general election of the House of Representatives following each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterwardsubordinate courts: 8 High Courts (Koto-saiban-sho), each with a Family Court (Katei-saiban-sho); 50 District Courts (Chiho saibansho), with 203 additional branches; 438 Summary Courts (Kani saibansho), Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or CDP [Kenta IZUMI]Democratic Party for the People Japan or DPFP [Yuichiro TAMAKI]Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA]Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]Japan Innovation Party or Nippon Ishin no kai or Ishin [Ichiro MATSUI]Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Fumio KISHIDA]Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA] (formerly People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF)Party of Hope or Kibo no To [Nariaki NAKAYAMA]Reiwa Shinsengumi [Taro YAMAMOTO]Sanseit or DIY [Sohei KAMIYA]Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA], ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, CPLP (associate), EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador TOMITA Koji (since 17 February 2021)chancery: 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 238-6700FAX: [1] (202) 328-2187email address and website: https://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_en/index.htmlconsulate(s) general: Anchorage (AK), Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver (CO), Detroit (MI), Hagatna (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville (TN), New York, Portland (OR), San Francisco, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), Seattle (WA), chief of mission: Ambassador Rahm EMANUEL (since 25 March 2022)embassy: 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8420mailing address: 9800 Tokyo Place, Washington DC 20521-9800telephone: [81] (03) 3224-5000FAX: [81] (03) 3224-5856email address and website: TokyoACS@state.govhttps://jp.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Naha (Okinawa), Osaka-Kobe, Sapporoconsulate(s): Fukuoka, Nagoya, white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center, red sun disc, chrysanthemum; national colors: red, white, name: "Kimigayo" (The Emperor's Reign)lyrics/music: unknown/Hiromori HAYASHInote: adopted 1999; unofficial national anthem since 1883; oldest anthem lyrics in the world, dating to the 10th century or earlier; there is some opposition to the anthem because of its association with militarism and worship of the emperor, total World Heritage Sites: 25 (20 cultural, 5 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area (c); Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (c); Himeji-jo (c); Shiretoko (n); Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group: Mounded Tombs of Ancient Japan (c); Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape (c); Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (c); Yakushima (n); Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (c); Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) (c), third-largest, trade-oriented, and diversified economy; highly indebted country; slow wage growth and declining labor force; still heavily hydrocarbon-reliant; central bank keeping low interest rates amid modest inflation; increased military spending; stagnant tourism sector, $5.126 trillion (2021 est.) According to the 2022 Global Gender )note: total adherents exceeds 100% because many people practice both Shintoism and Buddhism, 0-14 years: 12.29% (male 7,835,474/female 7,370,449)15-64 years: 58.49% (male 36,378,186/female 35,981,176)65 years and over: 29.22% (2023 est.) We are happy to help. 
)investment in fixed capital: 24% (2017 est. Data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) show that many children around the world today are not equipped with foundational reading and numeracy skills that prepare them for the world beyond school. ), improved: urban: NArural: NAtotal: 99.9% of populationunimproved: urban: NArural: NAtotal: 0.1% of population (2020 est. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology-driven world. )industry: 30.1% (2017 est. In the 35 countries and territories with available data, there are considerable disparities in the proportion of children equipped with foundational reading and numeracy skills. ), general assessment: Japan has one of the best developed telecom markets globally, the fixed-line segment remains stagnant and the focus for growth is in the mobile sector; the MNOs have shifted their investment from LTE to 5G, and growth in 5G showed early promise although there have been recent setbacks; these have partly been attributed to the economic difficulties, the impact of restrictions imposed during the pandemic, and unfavorable investment climate (not helped by the delay of the Tokyo Olympics from 2020 to 2021), and to restrictions in the supply of 5G-enabled devices; the fixed broadband market is dominated by fiber, with a strong cable platform also evident; fiber will continue to increase its share of the fixed broadband market, largely at the expense of DSL; the mobile market is dominated by three MNOs, mobile broadband subscriber growth is expected to be relatively low over the next five years, partly due to the high existing subscriptions though growth has been stimulated by measures which have encouraged people to school and work from home; there has also been a boost in accessing entertainment via mobile devices since 2020 (2021)domestic: 49 per 100 for fixed-line and 161 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2021)international: country code - 81; numerous submarine cables with landing points for HSCS, JIH, RJCN, APCN-2, JUS, EAC-C2C, PC-1, Tata TGN-Pacific, FLAG North Asia Loop/REACH North Asia Loop, APCN-2, FASTER, SJC, SJC2, Unity/EAC-Pacific, JGA-N, APG, ASE, AJC, JUPITER, MOC, Okinawa Cellular Cable, KJCN, GOKI, KJCN, and SeaMeWE-3, submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, Southeast Asia, Africaand US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat (Pacific and Indian Oceans), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions), and 8 SkyPerfect JSAT (2019), a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2019), total: 113,252,419 (2020 est. )-0.02% (2020 est. definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 37.3%male: 52.1%female: 22.6% (2021), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.1%male: 98.5%female: 97.8% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 100%male: 100%female: 100% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 71.1%male: 82%female: 60.7% (2015), definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schoolingtotal population: 99%male: 98.4%female: 99.4% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99%male: 98.9%female: 99.1% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.8%female: 99.7% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.8%male: 97.8%female: 97.8% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.9%female: 99.7% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.5%male: 99.9%female: 94.9% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 74.9%male: 77.8%female: 72% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.6%male: 99.6%female: 99.6% (2014), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.9%male: 99.9%female: 99.9% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 42.4%male: 54%female: 31.1% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 66.6%male: 75%female: 57.1% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 92.5%male: 96.5%female: 88.6% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.5%male: 99.5%female: 97.5% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 88.5%male: 88%female: 88.9% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 93.2%male: 93%female: 93.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.2%male: 98.1%female: 93.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.4%male: 98.7%female: 98.1% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 39.3%male: 49.2%female: 31% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 89.1%male: 92.4%female: 86.3% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 68.4%male: 76.3%female: 61.2% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 86.8%male: 91.7%female: 82% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 80.5%male: 86.5%female: 75% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 77.1%male: 82.6%female: 71.6% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 37.4%male: 49.5%female: 25.8% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabictotal population: 22.3%male: 31.3%female: 14% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 96.4%male: 96.3%female: 96.3% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 96.8%male: 98.5%female: 95.2% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 95.6%male: 95.4%female: 95.9% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 58.8%male: 64.6%female: 53% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshilubatotal population: 77%male: 88.5%female: 66.5% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 80.3%male: 86.1%female: 74.6% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.9%male: 97.8%female: 97.9% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 89.9%male: 93.1%female: 86.7% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.3%male: 99.7%female: 98.9% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.9%female: 99.8% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.1%male: 99.5%female: 98.7% (2015), definition: NAtotal population: 99%male: 99%female: 99% (2011), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 93.8%male: 93.8%female: 93.8% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 93.6%male: 94.8%female: 92.5% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 71.2%male: 76.5%female: 65.5% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 89.1%male: 91.3%female: 87.3% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 95.3%male: 97.4%female: 93% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 76.6%male: 84.4%female: 68.9% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.8%female: 99.8% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 88.4%male: 88.3%female: 88.5% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 51.8%male: 57.2%female: 44.4% (2017), total population: 99.1%male: 99.1%female: 99.1% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 84.7%male: 85.9%female: 83.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 50.8%male: 61.8%female: 41.6% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.5%male: 98.8%female: 96.2% (2020)note: estimates are for Gaza Strip and the West Bank, definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.6%male: 99.7%female: 99.5% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 79%male: 83.5%female: 74.5% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.9%male: 98.5%female: 97.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 100%male: 100%female: 100% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.6%male: 98.6%female: 98.6% (2014 est. In 1603, after decades of civil warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability and isolation from foreign influence. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. ), $40,800 (2021 est.) .mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable{counter-reset:rowNumber -1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable.static-row-header-two{counter-reset:rowNumber -2}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{content:""}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers-skip{counter-increment:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers.sortable tbody tr:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers:not(.sortable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber);padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text thead tr::before{content:"No. ), total: 1.88 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 1.99 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 1.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia. )wine: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Training and Workshops. Findings in these countries show even greater differences in ICT skills across wealth quintiles. Foundational readingskills are divided into three categories: 1) wordrecognition (correctly reading 90 per cent of words in astory), 2) literal questions (replying correctly to all threeliteral questions), and 3) inferential (replying correctly tobothof two inferential questions). ), total: 15 yearsmale: 15 yearsfemale: 15 years (2019), total: 4.4%male: 4.6%female: 4.1% (2021 est. ), urban population: 92% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. 0.703. Switch to the accessible table representation. However, while the gender gap is almost non-existent in Turkmenistan, in Lesotho a much higher share of girls demonstrate foundational reading skills than boys, with a gap close to 20 percentage points. This disparity is particularly noticeable in less-developed countries, in which women are often expected to stay at home and care for the house and children while the men go off to work. In March 2011, Japan's strongest-ever earthquake, and an accompanying tsunami, devastated the northeast part of Honshu island, killed thousands, and damaged several nuclear power plants. [1] Over 75% of the world's 781 million illiterate adults are found in South Asia, West Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa, and women represent almost two-thirds of all illiterate adults globally. UNESCO Institute for Statistics ( UIS ). Viet Nam. Get the best reports to understand your industry. Data further show significant variations across countries: in Malawi and Bangladesh, less than 3 per cent of young women aged 15 to 24 performed any ICT-related activity. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 4.9% (2015 est. The global literacyrate for all people aged 15 and above is Low GAML threshold; Youth illiterate population, 15-24 years (number) Data for Sustainable Development - UIS Blog. ), air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere; following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan originally planned to phase out nuclear power, but it has now implemented a new policy of seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards; waste management is an ongoing issue; Japanese municipal facilities used to burn high volumes of trash, but air pollution issues forced the government to adopt an aggressive recycling policy, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 11.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.
(mythological date of the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy), Birthday of Emperor NARUHITO, 23 February (1960); note - celebrates the birthday of the current emperor, history: previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947amendments: proposed by the Diet; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of both houses of the Diet and approval by majority in a referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1947, civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Japandual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: Emperor NARUHITO (since 1 May 2019); note - succeeds his father who abdicated on 30 April 2019head of government: Prime Minister Fumio KISHIDA (since 4 October 2021 )cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime ministerelections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives usually becomes prime ministerelection results: Fumio KISHIDA relected prime minister on 10 November 2021 by the lower house with 297 votes against 108 for Yukio EDANO and in the upper houese 141 for KISHIDA and 60 for EDANO, description: bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of:House of Councillors or Sangi-in (248 seats; 146 members directly elected in multi-seat districts by simple majority vote and 96 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years); note - the number of seats increased to 248 at the July 2022 election for renewal of half the membership House of Representatives or Shugi-in (465 seats; 289 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 176 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)elections: House of Councillors - last held on 10 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2028)House of Representatives - last held on 31 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 119, CDP 39, Komeito 27, JCP 11, Osaka Ishin no Kai (Initiatives from Osaka) 21, DPFP 10, Reiwa Shinsengumi 5, NHK 2, DIY 1, SDP 1, independent 12House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 261, CDP 96, Ishin 41, Komeito 32, DPFP 11, JCP 10, Reiwa 3, SDP 1, independent 10; composition - men 420, women 45, percent of women 9.7%; note - total Diet percent of women 14.7%note: the Diet in June 2017 redrew Japan's electoral district boundaries and reduced from 475 to 465 seats in the House of Representatives; the amended electoral law, which cuts 6 seats in single-seat districts and 4 in multi-seat districts, was reportedly intended to reduce voting disparities between densely and sparsely populated voting districts, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch; associate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum at the first general election of the House of Representatives following each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterwardsubordinate courts: 8 High Courts (Koto-saiban-sho), each with a Family Court (Katei-saiban-sho); 50 District Courts (Chiho saibansho), with 203 additional branches; 438 Summary Courts (Kani saibansho), Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or CDP [Kenta IZUMI]Democratic Party for the People Japan or DPFP [Yuichiro TAMAKI]Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA]Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]Japan Innovation Party or Nippon Ishin no kai or Ishin [Ichiro MATSUI]Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Fumio KISHIDA]Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA] (formerly People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF)Party of Hope or Kibo no To [Nariaki NAKAYAMA]Reiwa Shinsengumi [Taro YAMAMOTO]Sanseit or DIY [Sohei KAMIYA]Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA], ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, CPLP (associate), EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador TOMITA Koji (since 17 February 2021)chancery: 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 238-6700FAX: [1] (202) 328-2187email address and website: https://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_en/index.htmlconsulate(s) general: Anchorage (AK), Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver (CO), Detroit (MI), Hagatna (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville (TN), New York, Portland (OR), San Francisco, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), Seattle (WA), chief of mission: Ambassador Rahm EMANUEL (since 25 March 2022)embassy: 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8420mailing address: 9800 Tokyo Place, Washington DC 20521-9800telephone: [81] (03) 3224-5000FAX: [81] (03) 3224-5856email address and website: TokyoACS@state.govhttps://jp.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Naha (Okinawa), Osaka-Kobe, Sapporoconsulate(s): Fukuoka, Nagoya, white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center, red sun disc, chrysanthemum; national colors: red, white, name: "Kimigayo" (The Emperor's Reign)lyrics/music: unknown/Hiromori HAYASHInote: adopted 1999; unofficial national anthem since 1883; oldest anthem lyrics in the world, dating to the 10th century or earlier; there is some opposition to the anthem because of its association with militarism and worship of the emperor, total World Heritage Sites: 25 (20 cultural, 5 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area (c); Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (c); Himeji-jo (c); Shiretoko (n); Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group: Mounded Tombs of Ancient Japan (c); Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape (c); Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (c); Yakushima (n); Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (c); Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) (c), third-largest, trade-oriented, and diversified economy; highly indebted country; slow wage growth and declining labor force; still heavily hydrocarbon-reliant; central bank keeping low interest rates amid modest inflation; increased military spending; stagnant tourism sector, $5.126 trillion (2021 est.) According to the 2022 Global Gender )note: total adherents exceeds 100% because many people practice both Shintoism and Buddhism, 0-14 years: 12.29% (male 7,835,474/female 7,370,449)15-64 years: 58.49% (male 36,378,186/female 35,981,176)65 years and over: 29.22% (2023 est.) We are happy to help. )investment in fixed capital: 24% (2017 est. Data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) show that many children around the world today are not equipped with foundational reading and numeracy skills that prepare them for the world beyond school. ), improved: urban: NArural: NAtotal: 99.9% of populationunimproved: urban: NArural: NAtotal: 0.1% of population (2020 est. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology-driven world. )industry: 30.1% (2017 est. In the 35 countries and territories with available data, there are considerable disparities in the proportion of children equipped with foundational reading and numeracy skills. ), general assessment: Japan has one of the best developed telecom markets globally, the fixed-line segment remains stagnant and the focus for growth is in the mobile sector; the MNOs have shifted their investment from LTE to 5G, and growth in 5G showed early promise although there have been recent setbacks; these have partly been attributed to the economic difficulties, the impact of restrictions imposed during the pandemic, and unfavorable investment climate (not helped by the delay of the Tokyo Olympics from 2020 to 2021), and to restrictions in the supply of 5G-enabled devices; the fixed broadband market is dominated by fiber, with a strong cable platform also evident; fiber will continue to increase its share of the fixed broadband market, largely at the expense of DSL; the mobile market is dominated by three MNOs, mobile broadband subscriber growth is expected to be relatively low over the next five years, partly due to the high existing subscriptions though growth has been stimulated by measures which have encouraged people to school and work from home; there has also been a boost in accessing entertainment via mobile devices since 2020 (2021)domestic: 49 per 100 for fixed-line and 161 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2021)international: country code - 81; numerous submarine cables with landing points for HSCS, JIH, RJCN, APCN-2, JUS, EAC-C2C, PC-1, Tata TGN-Pacific, FLAG North Asia Loop/REACH North Asia Loop, APCN-2, FASTER, SJC, SJC2, Unity/EAC-Pacific, JGA-N, APG, ASE, AJC, JUPITER, MOC, Okinawa Cellular Cable, KJCN, GOKI, KJCN, and SeaMeWE-3, submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, Southeast Asia, Africaand US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat (Pacific and Indian Oceans), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions), and 8 SkyPerfect JSAT (2019), a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2019), total: 113,252,419 (2020 est. )-0.02% (2020 est. definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 37.3%male: 52.1%female: 22.6% (2021), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.1%male: 98.5%female: 97.8% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 100%male: 100%female: 100% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 71.1%male: 82%female: 60.7% (2015), definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schoolingtotal population: 99%male: 98.4%female: 99.4% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99%male: 98.9%female: 99.1% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.8%female: 99.7% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.8%male: 97.8%female: 97.8% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.9%female: 99.7% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.5%male: 99.9%female: 94.9% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 74.9%male: 77.8%female: 72% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.6%male: 99.6%female: 99.6% (2014), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.9%male: 99.9%female: 99.9% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 42.4%male: 54%female: 31.1% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 66.6%male: 75%female: 57.1% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 92.5%male: 96.5%female: 88.6% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.5%male: 99.5%female: 97.5% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 88.5%male: 88%female: 88.9% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 93.2%male: 93%female: 93.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.2%male: 98.1%female: 93.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.4%male: 98.7%female: 98.1% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 39.3%male: 49.2%female: 31% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 89.1%male: 92.4%female: 86.3% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 68.4%male: 76.3%female: 61.2% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 86.8%male: 91.7%female: 82% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 80.5%male: 86.5%female: 75% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 77.1%male: 82.6%female: 71.6% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 37.4%male: 49.5%female: 25.8% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabictotal population: 22.3%male: 31.3%female: 14% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 96.4%male: 96.3%female: 96.3% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 96.8%male: 98.5%female: 95.2% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 95.6%male: 95.4%female: 95.9% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 58.8%male: 64.6%female: 53% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshilubatotal population: 77%male: 88.5%female: 66.5% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 80.3%male: 86.1%female: 74.6% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.9%male: 97.8%female: 97.9% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 89.9%male: 93.1%female: 86.7% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.3%male: 99.7%female: 98.9% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.9%female: 99.8% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.1%male: 99.5%female: 98.7% (2015), definition: NAtotal population: 99%male: 99%female: 99% (2011), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 93.8%male: 93.8%female: 93.8% (2016), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 93.6%male: 94.8%female: 92.5% (2020), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 71.2%male: 76.5%female: 65.5% (2017), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 89.1%male: 91.3%female: 87.3% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 95.3%male: 97.4%female: 93% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 76.6%male: 84.4%female: 68.9% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.8%female: 99.8% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 88.4%male: 88.3%female: 88.5% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 51.8%male: 57.2%female: 44.4% (2017), total population: 99.1%male: 99.1%female: 99.1% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 84.7%male: 85.9%female: 83.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 50.8%male: 61.8%female: 41.6% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.5%male: 98.8%female: 96.2% (2020)note: estimates are for Gaza Strip and the West Bank, definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.6%male: 99.7%female: 99.5% (2019), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 79%male: 83.5%female: 74.5% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97.9%male: 98.5%female: 97.4% (2018), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 100%male: 100%female: 100% (2015), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.6%male: 98.6%female: 98.6% (2014 est. In 1603, after decades of civil warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability and isolation from foreign influence. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. ), $40,800 (2021 est.) .mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable{counter-reset:rowNumber -1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable.static-row-header-two{counter-reset:rowNumber -2}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{content:""}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers-skip{counter-increment:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers.sortable tbody tr:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers:not(.sortable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber);padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text thead tr::before{content:"No. ), total: 1.88 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 1.99 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 1.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia. )wine: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Training and Workshops. Findings in these countries show even greater differences in ICT skills across wealth quintiles. Foundational readingskills are divided into three categories: 1) wordrecognition (correctly reading 90 per cent of words in astory), 2) literal questions (replying correctly to all threeliteral questions), and 3) inferential (replying correctly tobothof two inferential questions). ), total: 15 yearsmale: 15 yearsfemale: 15 years (2019), total: 4.4%male: 4.6%female: 4.1% (2021 est. ), urban population: 92% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. 0.703. Switch to the accessible table representation. However, while the gender gap is almost non-existent in Turkmenistan, in Lesotho a much higher share of girls demonstrate foundational reading skills than boys, with a gap close to 20 percentage points. This disparity is particularly noticeable in less-developed countries, in which women are often expected to stay at home and care for the house and children while the men go off to work. In March 2011, Japan's strongest-ever earthquake, and an accompanying tsunami, devastated the northeast part of Honshu island, killed thousands, and damaged several nuclear power plants. [1] Over 75% of the world's 781 million illiterate adults are found in South Asia, West Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa, and women represent almost two-thirds of all illiterate adults globally. UNESCO Institute for Statistics ( UIS ). Viet Nam. Get the best reports to understand your industry. Data further show significant variations across countries: in Malawi and Bangladesh, less than 3 per cent of young women aged 15 to 24 performed any ICT-related activity. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 4.9% (2015 est. The global literacyrate for all people aged 15 and above is Low GAML threshold; Youth illiterate population, 15-24 years (number) Data for Sustainable Development - UIS Blog. ), air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere; following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan originally planned to phase out nuclear power, but it has now implemented a new policy of seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards; waste management is an ongoing issue; Japanese municipal facilities used to burn high volumes of trash, but air pollution issues forced the government to adopt an aggressive recycling policy, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 11.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.