That includes all types of soil mass gravitational motion and rock mass, from rockfalls and topling rocks to rotational and translational slides and flow of different materials.”. Landslide causes are listed in the following table, and include geological factors, morphological factors, physical factors and factors associated with human activity. ; Shuster R.L. Through reconnaissance and instrumentation techniques and monitoring the morphology and failure terrain of the area are defined approximately and these results are checked by numerical modelling. In some cases, failures are triggered as a result of undercutting of the slope by a river, especially during a flood. Geografiska Annaler, 62A, 23-27. Failures on volcanic flanks themselves are also common. Thus, causes combine to make a slope vulnerable to failure, and the trigger finally initiates the movement. Landslides always appear on or below the slope, and slopes are the most common morphological forms on Earth. Landslide must be explored before landslide mitigation project started. Principally this is because the rainfall drives an increase in pore water pressures within the soil. The morphology and causes of a big landslide in the Pyrenees (Northeastern Spain), reactivated by the excavation of a parkinglot on the base of the landslide area, have been analysed. As an archipelago country, in fact, most of its territory is covered by the ocean, so it is reasonable if Indonesia often experiences natural disasters arising from the sea. The lahar killed more than 2,000 people as it swept over the towns of El Porvenir and Rolando Rodriguez at the base of the mountain. Storms that occur especially in the sea area can also originate underwater avalanches. Corominas and Moya (1999) found that the following thresholds exist for the upper basin of the Llobregat River, Eastern Pyrenees area. * Weak materials* Sensitive materials* Weathered materials* Sheared materials* Jointed or fissured materials* Adversely orientated discontinuities* Permeability contrasts* Material contrasts, * Slope angle* Uplift* Rebound* Fluvial erosion* Wave erosion* Glacial erosion* Erosion of lateral margins* Subterranean erosion* Slope loading* Vegetation change, * Intense rainfall* Rapid snow melt* Prolonged precipitation* Rapid drawdown* Earthquake* Volcanic eruption* Thawing* Freeze-thaw* Shrink-swell* Ground water changes* Soil pore water pressure* Surface runoff* Seismic activity, * Excavation* Loading* Drawdown* Land use change* Water management* Mining* Quarrying* Vibration* Water leakage* Deforestation* Mining. For other uses, see Landslide (disambiguation). The passage of the earthquake waves through the rock and soil produces a complex set of accelerations that effectively act to change the gravitational load on the slope. In: Turner A.K. Instability in soil and rock mass. Some of the largest and most destructive landslides known have been associated with volcanoes. 47, pp.53-57, Landslides in Malaysia — are regular natural disasters in Malaysia which happen at the hillsides.Events*1 May 1961 A landslide occurred in Ringlet, Cameron Highlands, Pahang. The Mameyes landslide 1985, Puerto Rico (Photo by Randall Jibson). Occasionally, even after detailed investigations, no trigger can be determined - this was the case in the large Mount Cook landslide in New Zealand 1991.

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