[87] There is significant public debate around why Auckland's housing is so expensive, often referring to a lack of land supply,[84] the easy availability of credit for residential investment[88] and Auckland's high level of livability. Auckland has the largest ethnic Polynesian population of any city in the world. [118] A number of proposed projects to further extend Auckland's rail network were included in the 2012 Auckland Plan, including the City Rail Link, the Auckland Airport Line, the Avondale-Southdown Line and rail to the North Shore. past midnight) are limited, even on weekends. The CBD covers 433 hectares in a triangular area,[30] and is bounded by the Auckland waterfront on the Waitematā Harbour[31] and the inner-city suburbs of Ponsonby, Newton and Parnell. [54], At the 2013 Census, 39.1 percent of Auckland's population were born overseas; in the local board areas of Puketapapa and Howick, overseas-born residents outnumbered those born in New Zealand. Auckland is a major centre of overseas language education, with large numbers of foreign students (particularly East Asians) coming to the city for several months or years to learn English or study at universities – although numbers New Zealand-wide have dropped substantially since peaking in 2003. Queen Street, Britomart, Ponsonby Road, Karangahape Road, Newmarket and Parnell are major retail areas. This is compared with $747,000 in Wellington metro, $604,000 in Hamilton, $508,000 in Christchurch, and $207,000 in the Buller District (the area with the lowest average house price in New Zealand). He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Auckland has four railway lines (Western, Onehunga, Eastern and Southern). [110] For trips to the city centre at peak times the use of public transport is much higher, with more than half of trips undertaken by bus, train or ferry. The population projections have as a base the estimated resident population at 30 June 2006, and extend to 2031. The Waitematā Harbour is home to several notable yacht clubs and marinas, including the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron and Westhaven Marina, the largest of the Southern Hemisphere. [citation needed]. The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitematā Harbour on the Pacific Ocean. The Whangaparaoa Peninsula, Orewa, Omaha and Pakiri, to the north of the main urban area, are also nearby. [124] Auckland has also been called a very pedestrian- and cyclist-unfriendly city, though some efforts are being made to change this,[125] with Auckland being a major participant in the government's "Urban Cycleways" initiative, and with the "SkyPath" project for a walk and cycleway on the Auckland Harbour Bridge having received Council support, and planning consent.[126][127]. [77] Prepared under this legislation is the Auckland Unitary Plan which indicates how land can be used or developed. [111] Auckland still ranks quite low in its use of public transport, having only 46 public transport trips per capita per year,[111][112] while Wellington has almost twice this number at 91, and Sydney has 114 trips. Parliament met in what is now Old Government House on the University of Auckland's City campus. [68] The Waitematā Harbour has several swimming beaches, including Mission Bay and Kohimarama on the south side of the harbour, and Stanley Bay on the north side. [113] This strong roading focus results in substantial traffic congestion during peak times.[114]. [28] By 2006 the Asian population had reached 18.0 percent in Auckland, and 36.2 percent in the central city. Auckland was replaced as the capital in 1865 by Wellington, but the city continued to grow, initially because of its port and logging and gold mining in its hinterland, later from pastoral farming (especially dairy farming), and manufacturing in the city itself. Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world,[9] Auckland is recognised as one of the world's most liveable cities, ranked third in the 2019 Mercer Quality of Living Survey. The Central Motorway Junction, also called 'Spaghetti Junction' for its complexity, is the intersection between the two major motorways of Auckland (State Highway 1 and State Highway 16).[109]. An increase in population density, especially over a short period of time, affects the character of an area. Auckland (/ ˈ ɔː k l ə n d / AWK-lənd; Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is a metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand.The most populous urban area in the country, Auckland has an urban population of about 1,440,600 (June 2019). Other state highways within Auckland include State Highway 16 (the Northwest Motorway), State Highway 18 (the Upper Harbour Motorway) and State Highway 20 (the Southwest Motorway). There are two harbours surrounding this isthmus: Waitematā Harbour to the north, which opens east to the Hauraki Gulf and thence to the Pacific Ocean, and Manukau Harbour to the south, which opens west to the Tasman Sea. The resident population of all statistical areas (level 2; SA2) in Auckland Main Urban Area according to official estimates. Most of the Irish (though not all) were from Protestant Ulster. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. These reduced the Auckland Region's reliance on Otahuhu substation and northern and western Auckland's reliance on the Ōtāhuhu to Henderson line. Auckland is classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network as a Beta + world city[79] because of its importance in commerce, the arts, and education. Meanwhile, traffic problems, the lack of good public transport, and increasing housing costs have been cited by many Aucklanders as among the strongest negative factors of living there,[65] together with crime. The population density in some western parts of Manukau city in 2031 would be the same density as in parts of the Auckland CBD in 2006. Parts of Waiheke Island effectively function as Auckland suburbs, while various smaller islands near Auckland are mostly zoned 'recreational open space' or are nature sanctuaries. Events celebrating the city's cultural diversity include the Pasifika Festival, Polyfest, and the Auckland Lantern Festival, all of which are the largest of their kind in New Zealand. Auckland is the major economic and financial centre of New Zealand. Motu Working Paper 07-09. Auckland Airport, New Zealand's largest, is in the southern suburb of Māngere on the shores of the Manukau Harbour. [108] The bridge provides eight lanes of vehicle traffic and has a moveable median barrier for lane flexibility, but does not provide access for rail, pedestrians or cyclists. Spatial Determinants of Land Prices in Auckland: Does the Metropolitan Urban Limit Have an Effect? The individual volcanoes are all considered extinct, although the volcanic field itself is merely dormant. Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination with 13.3 percent affiliating, followed by Anglicanism (9.1 percent) and Presbyterianism (7.4 percent). Auckland straddles a volcanic field, which has produced about 90 volcanic eruptions from 50 volcanoes in the last 90,000 years. They help us see where ethnic populations are living closer together, forming their own communities (lower ethnic diversity), and where many different ethnic groups are living together, to create higher ethnic diversity. The Māori population in the area is estimated to have been about 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans. A fourth racecourse is located at Pukekohe, straddling the boundary between Auckland and the neighbouring Waikato Region. One of Auckland's nicknames, the "City of Sails", is derived from the popularity of sailing in the region. In 1991 there were four area units with a population density of more than 4,000 people per square kilometre. The city's population grew fairly rapidly, from 1,500 in 1841 to 3,635 in 1845,[25] then to 12,423 by 1864. [107], The Auckland Harbour Bridge, opened in 1959, is the main connection between the North Shore and the rest of the Auckland region. [84] Nevertheless, the majority of Aucklanders live in single dwelling housing and are expected to continue to do so – even with most of future urban growth being through intensification.[60]. The Auckland CBD has seen the largest increase in population density, due to the population more than doubling every five years between 1991 and 2006. Auckland's growth: an evaluation of the Regional Growth Strategy Auckland Regional Council. The average daily maximum temperature is 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in February and 14.7 °C (58.5 °F) in July. In contrast, Manukau city has a higher proportion of households made up of one or more families than do other territorial authorities in the Auckland region (Statistics NZ, 2006). The greater Auckland urban area—as it is defined by Statistics New Zealand—spans 1,102.9 square kilometres (425.8 sq mi)[3] and extends to Waiwera in the north, Kumeū in the north-west, and Runciman in the south. Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf to the east, then extending in Hunua Ranges to the south-east, the Manukau Harbour to the south-west, and the Waitākere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west. Economic deregulation in the mid-1980s led to dramatic changes to Auckland's economy and many companies relocated their head offices from Wellington to Auckland. The city is served by Auckland Airport, which handles around 2 million international passengers a month. Population density is the number of usual residents per square kilometre. Auckland has at least 14 large lava tubes which run from the volcanoes down towards the sea. Immigration to New Zealand is heavily concentrated towards Auckland (partly for job market reasons). Auckland Regional Growth Strategy: 2050 Auckland Regional Council. For example, detached dwellings may be replaced by apartments to accommodate the larger number of people living in an area. On the eastern coastline of the North Shore, where the Rangitoto Channel divides the inner Hauraki Gulf islands from the mainland, there are popular swimming beaches at Cheltenham and Narrow Neck in Devonport, Takapuna, Milford, and the various beaches further north in the area known as East Coast Bays. Auckland also benefited from a surge in tourism, which brought 75 percent of New Zealand's international visitors through its airport. Rugby union, cricket, rugby league, association football (soccer) and netball are widely played and followed. [48] It is the only city in the world built on a basaltic volcanic field that is still active. The most populous urban area in the country, Auckland has an urban population of about 1,440,600 (June 2019). Digital boundary files, used for constructing the maps, can be downloaded from Digital Boundaries, available on www.stats.govt.nz. [50], Auckland's population is predominantly of European origin, though the proportion of those of Asian or other non-European origins has increased in recent decades due to immigration[52] and the removal of restrictions directly or indirectly based on race. Today, Auckland's central business district is New Zealand's leading economic hub. Auckland accounts for about one-third (33.4%) of New Zealand's total population. There are also three racecourses within the city - (Ellerslie and Avondale for thoroughbred racing, and Alexandra Park for harness racing). While most volcanic cones in the Auckland volcanic field have been affected by quarrying, many of the remaining cones are now within parks, and retain a more natural character than the surrounding city. [115] Auckland is connected with other cities through bus services operated by InterCity. [58], Auckland is experiencing substantial population growth via natural population increases (one-third of growth) and immigration (two-thirds),[59] and is set to grow to an estimated 1.9 million inhabitants by 2031[60][61] in a medium-variant scenario. Soon after signing the Treaty, Te Kawau offered land on the Waitematā Harbour to the new Governor of New Zealand, William Hobson, for his new capital, which Hobson named for George Eden, Earl of Auckland, then Viceroy of India.
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