Well maybe that wasnt really considered to be child labor. The second stage of labor is the actual birth of your baby, and the third stage is the delivery of the placenta. This is the reason why number ten is as follows: It may be true that every mother wishes that their child to be a championmaster and connoisseur of everything out there. While many children work to support their families, many are alone or in company of other children in self-sustaining street environments. In exchange for long hours of work, he is given the food of the day. Child labour breaches have soared in the US as businesses grappling with staff shortages resort to illegally using teenagers to fill graveyard shifts. Child labour acts as a major barrier to education, affecting both attendance and performance in school. I know! Asia ranks second and data indicate that one child out of eight performs paid work on this continent. Heavy and sharp tools seriously compromise the health of children. The website Craigslist, for example, was recently under scrutiny for facilitating communication between predators and dealers. Forced labor of children in domestic work is primarily high in parts of Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and South Asia. Extraction work in underground artis@nal mines employs thousands of children. Numbers are rising, particularly in the 5- to 11-year-old group, and the coronavirus pandemic threatens to reverse years of progress. 1 in 3 children in child labor are out of school. According to Wanda Behrens-Horrell, a child development psychologist, the impact on a child from being a child performer can vary according to many factors. Child trafficking composes a serious world problem that is becoming more visible every day. We also focus on strengthening parenting and community education initiatives to address harmful social norms that perpetuate child labour, while partnering with national and local governments to prevent violence, exploitation and abuse. The year is 2013 and poverty is so rife that child labor is still part of an unfortunate reality around the world. Australians are connected to child labour through trade, through our consumption, as individuals or businesses, of goods and services that children have helped to produce. UNICEF supports increased access to quality education and provides comprehensive social services to keep children protected and with their families. Sometimes the line that separates this type of crime from those tasks that help the development of childhood can be very thin. In the meantime there is no more complaining about cleaning the bathroom for me! Other times they are people who have fraudulent business and take advantage of vulnerable conditions. . They are often exposed to hazardous work conditions and in most cases, are forced to forgo education. The Biden administration says it is creating a new task force to crack down on an explosion of the illegal exploitation of migrant children for labor in the U.S. What are the worst forms of child labour? Labor is the body's natural process of childbirth. child labour, employment of children of less than a legally specified age. Click to visit Childcare in India - Oxfam India Hazardous work is also one of the worst forms of child labour. The birth of Holmes' second child was confirmed in court documents filed Thursday, Feb. 23, 2023, in advance of a March 17 hearing about her bid to remain free during an appeals process that could . These efforts complement our work to strengthen birth registration systems, ensuring that all children possess birth certificates that prove they are under the legal age to work. The web site quickly shut off their adult section but new sites constantly appear and disappear with the illegal offering of under-aged services around the web. They are often exposed to hazardous work conditions and in most cases, are forced to forgo education. What is World Vision doing to end child labour? I know! Sponsor a child. With many of their families living in poverty, these children become especially vulnerable to negative coping mechanisms, like working on the street. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Although there have been . However, the growth of manufacturing and farm mechanisation during the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries led to many children working under dangerous conditions in factories and farms. Lets face it, youre sixteen, you want a life, you want independence, you want a job and luckily the law states in many countries that it is permissible. A fast food restaurant would happily hire you and apparently so will Chuck-e-Cheeses. And in nearly every case, it cuts children off from schooling and health care, restricting their fundamental rights and threatening their futures. 1,888 (8) . A monitor will be placed on your abdomen for a short time, or continuously, to check for uterine contractions and assess the baby's heart rate. To be accurate, children are working in different sectors today which is a major challenge because, in many cases, children work in informal sectors such as agriculture, and in urban settings in restaurants, motor repair workshops and household works. 3. variant types and in addition to type of the books to browse. 1973:The Minimum Age Convention, ratified by 172 countries, sets the minimum age for employment but allows some exceptions. Among the possible damages (not to mention the obvious threat of death) these minors will probably suffer from psychological trauma, fear, isolation, physical harm and once again lack of education. The future of a nation lies in how it treats the youth population, especially children. Get yourself packed and ready for the hospital if you arent already. Imagine spending seven hours a day, seven days a week, twelve hours a day engaging in domestic labor. They make up more than 10 percent of the labour force in some countries in the Middle East and from 2 to 10 percent in much of Latin America and some parts of Asia. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Restrictive legislation is rendered impractical by family poverty and lack of schools. This in turn prompted laws that not only regulated conditions for kids working but also mandated education. Baby, its time!, Lamaze International: Labor Day: What To Expect.. Much of the debates were centered around smaller family farms (where labor supposedly is safer for children) rather than the actual target of the proposed (and then disregarded) regulations: immigrant children working in big agriculture. Sevil Omer of World Visions U.S. staff contributed to this article. Within the family - Children are engaged in domestic household tasks without pay. The Worst Forms of Child Labour Slavery, child trafficking, debt bondage, forced labour, children in armed conflict, and children working in illegal activities are considered to be some of the worst forms of child labour. There are around 10 million bonded child labourers in India. age, socio-economic status, caste/ethnicity, influences the chance of children engaging in child labour, types of work . When there is a demand for a service, it is that there are people convinced that that service is the solution for your business. Sub-Saharan Africa has 86.6 million child laborers, more than anywhere else. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. All rights reserved. Seventeen different countries have children involved in armed conflict. During this phase, you may have discharge from your vagina thats clear to slightly bloody. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The movement to regulate child labour began in Great Britain at the close of the 18th century, when the rapid development of large-scale manufacturing made possible the exploitation of young children in mining and industrial work. The contractions cause your cervix to dilate and efface, which means it gets shorter and thinner, and more ready for delivery. When @nalyzing the geographical distribution of these children, Africa is the continent at the top of the list. According to data released by Unicef, it is estimated that approximately 150 million children work around the world, between 5 and 14 years. Youll also help to build up their community so that therell be more job opportunities for them to pursue as adults. Retail and services 25.4% Industry and manufacturing 7.2% Domestic work 6.9% Other 1.9% Agriculture 58.6% Percentage of child labourers in . They are subjected to work in unhygienic and inhuman conditions. And future generations follow the same path. Bonded Child labour: refers to the employment of a person against a loan, debt or social obligation by the family of the child or family as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Hungarian stay-at-home fatherworking-mother families from a point of view of how the distribution of unpaid domestic work develops during the period when the father stays at home with his child(ren). Children removed from labour must also be safely returned to school or training. Outside the family- Example- commercial shops in restaurants and jobs, prostitution etc. Curl into the push as much as possible; this allows all of your muscles to work. Child labour is a socio-economic problem and is often linked to poverty and the Government of India has taken several efforts over the years to address and meet the needs and rights of these children. By taking initiative in these areas, we help create a protective environment that cares for and supports all children: Throughout history, children have contributed to the economic upkeep of their families through farm labor and handicrafts. In India, according to Article 24, No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory or in any hazardous employment but unfortunately, the largest number of child workers in the world are seen in India. Admit it! In this industry the child is a victim of mind and physical control from which they cannot escape. The child labor is an issue of concern worldwide. Your mood may become more serious as you focus on managing the contractions. Child labour is concentrated in the worlds poorest countries, where 40.7% of children are engaged in exploitative work. Wanting that really cool (really expensive) toy gun was what got me to selling my labor. For girls, the threat of sexual exploitation looms large, while boys may be exploited by armed forces or groups. The different types of child labour that are prevalent in India are: Industrial child labour in sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, poultry, textile, fireworks and jewellery Bonded child labour in mines, stone quarries, etc. Now calculate this: you earn $11 a month salary for that amount of work. The highly debated and difficult to calculate population of 100 million children are estimated to be living in the streets of the world. Related :Long Term Effects of Bullying in Adults and Childrens. Estimates for child labour vary. Commercial child labour in small businesses like tea shops, hotels and retail outlets 2023 World Vision, Inc. All rights reserved. To survive in the mean streets many youngsters have turned to finding and selling scrap metal, used clothing or fruit, car washing, parking cars and escorting elderly or blind adults. But sadly,child labour keeps children from getting the educationthey need to break the cycle of poverty. Different child labor law standards apply to agricultural employment. Chuck-e-Cheeses is so eager for you to start learning that they will have you work the trash compactor and the mixing machine even though legal operation of both by a minor are federal offenses. I have prepared a list of modern day labor done by children around the world and some of the issues that are cause serious harm to them. Types of child labour in India There is an increasing involvement of children in home-based work and in the informal sector. 1989 The UN enacts the Convention on the Rights of the Child to guarantee protection of childrens rights to grow and thrive. The International Labour Organization said in 2017 that about 152 million children aged from five to 17 - 64 million girls and 88 million girls - are engaged in child labour. In this case children are often separated from their family and receive little or no remuneration, they only work for food. International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor. This stage may last 2 hours or longer. It is in this second group that the worst cases of child exploitation are generally found. The problem of child labour posing a threat to the Indian Government and the government is expected to be pro-active and take the necessary measures to tackle this problem from being unmanageable. Child labour is far more prevalent in developing countries, where millions of childrensome as young as sevenstill toil in quarries, mines, factories, fields, and service enterprises. 1992:The International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) is founded to promote the global elimination of child labor and support countries in their efforts. Pushing before your cervix is fully dilated may cause it to swell and slow down the process. Two million children are said to be sexually exploited every year. There is a major change in trend in the type of child labour activities in recent years which is due to the implementation of stringent legislation, awareness amongst consumers about child exploitation. Its a problem in all countries, to some degree: More than half of all child laborers live in middle-income countries. The 5 industries that most employ child labor. Serfdom is when a person is forced to live and work on land belonging to another person, often with little or no pay. All donations are tax deductible in full or in part. However, the decline slowed between 2012 and 2016, and global progress was stagnant between 2016 and 2020 the most recent reporting period. It is a job that involves extreme environmental conditions, many of them extremely toxic to the body. All donations are tax deductible in full or in part. Many of these child soldiers are not volunteers, but have been taken from their families or used after becoming orphans resulting from conflict. Fast facts: Child labor. In South Asia, where endemic levels of debt bondage persist among brick kiln workers, children work alongside their indentured parents. Forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict. With the development of Internet child trafficking and pornography this has increased. In this case children are often separated from their family and receive little or no remuneration, they only work for food. We empower children to know their rights and work toward their own well-being. The long term challenge for these poor souls is not necessarily keeping all limbs, but fear of death by inhalation of poisons, death by being trapped beneath the earth or starvation as the alternative to working. According to the . Children working within the family. In the United States, for example, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 set the minimum age at 14 for employment outside of school hours in nonmanufacturing jobs, at 16 for employment during school hours in interstate commerce, and at 18 for occupations deemed hazardous. What is World Vision doing to end child labor? UNICEF has categorized child work into three categories: 1. Brag to your friends about early morning or late night work shifts (that will interfere with your education), about carrying heavy loads that will strain your back and operating machinery without proper training or whine about getting harassed by older men when (illicitly) serving them alcohol. With the International Labour Organization (ILO), we help to collect data that make child labour visible to decision makers. Some different forms/types of child labour include slavery or such similar practices, sale and trafficking of children for child pornography or child prostitution and forced or bonded labour which leads to exploitation. Twelve-year-old Eureka sells traditional bread made from cassava, called chikwanga, at her community market in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Even if a child Picture kids and a soccer ball. 2021 The UN General Assembly declares this to be the Year for the Elimination of Child Labour. The second stage of labor begins when your cervix is fully dilated at 10 centimeters. child labour also holds in Mongolia and Cambodia, where the majority of surveyed boy domestic workers had migrated from rural areas for the purpose and hope of a better education (ILO, 2006a) and later became lured into child labour. The okay book, fiction, history, novel, scientific research, as with ease as various extra . Through programs it operates around the world, IPEC seeks the removal of children from hazardous working conditions and the ultimate elimination of child labour. 2025:International commitment is set to end all forms of child labor this year under Target 8.7 of the U.N.s Sustainable Development Goals. It is a case very similar to the previous one, with the aggravating that the conditions represent greater risk for the children. That is the amount reported as child domestic work wages in Morocco as recent as November of last year. Congo, Colombia, and Sri Lanka are just a few of the countries with reported violations of the international laws that regulate this issue. Translated into daily actions, child labor is one that: Child labor statistics: surprising numbers. It usually takes from 15 minutes to an hour for the cervix to dilate from 8 to 10 centimeters. Nearly half of them 79 million children work under hazardous conditions. If the baby's head hasnt started its descent, the station is described at minus 3 (-3). The ILOs Convention No. However, children in Bangladesh are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor in drying of fish and the production of bricks. One of the ILOs current goals is to identify and resolve the worst forms of child labour; these are defined as any form of labour that negatively impacts a childs normal development. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. International Child Labor & Forced Labor Reports Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Pakistan Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports Pakistan Baked Goods Bovines Bricks Carpets Coal Cotton Dairy Products Electronics Furniture Garments Glass Bangles Leather Rice Sugarcane Surgical Instruments Textiles Wheat Physical work takes time away from children to play and interact with peers, which is critical to proper development. Child labor in the tourism industry pretty much guarantees that your holiday will be perfect: from manufacturing pretty little knickknacks to gift coworkers to cleaning your room while youre out sun bathing in the pool, they have it covered. The first law, in 1802, which was aimed at controlling the apprenticeship of pauper children to cotton-mill owners, was ineffective because it did not provide for enforcement. Child Labor. Also within the childhood there is a range of ages, and it is not the same a 4 year old doing a hard job, that one of eleven selling lemonade. Children around the world are routinely engaged in paid and unpaid forms of work that are not harmful to them. The ILOs Convention No. Give to support World Visions grassroots work around the world to protect children from child labour and other forms of exploitation, abuse, and violence. Usually, labor is shorter for births after that. Child labours are regularly employed in India in various placesof production and service. Target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals has committed to ending by 2025. children are especially vulnerable to injuries. Seems adequate? To monitor the same, the government has established a separate vigilance cell. Labor Inspectorate Funding. 2025 All forms of child labour are to end this year underTarget 8.7 of the UNs Sustainable Development Goals. These children are often faced with making adult decisions at an early ageconfronting a world of drugs and sex sooner than most. You may feel pressure on your rectum and your backache may feel worse. Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability. 182 defines hazardous and morally damaging forms of labor and calls for their immediate and total elimination. The ILO report also shows that millions more men, women, and children have been forced to work or marry in the period since the previous estimates were released in 2017. Increased economic insecurity in recent years and reduced household income have pushed the children to become a part of the Child Labour force. Do you remember when you wanted that first record album or that awesome dirt bike? The forced labour of children constitutes one component of child labour, which the international community through Target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals has committed to ending by 2025. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. An estimated 10.4 million children, for example, have lost at least one parent to the pandemic, out of which 7 million have become orphans, leaving them vulnerable to abuse in contexts in which child support systems are inadequate. According to the census 2011, the total number of child labourers . Music performers, transportation providers, sport equipment haulers, tour guides, and translating for your benefit, exotic foreign children make tourism interesting. In 1833 the Factory Act did provide a system of factory inspection. In a populous country like India, providing considerable employment to all these children is not possible which makes child labour a serious problem. Roughly160 million children were subjected to child labour at the beginning of 2020,with 9 million additional children at risk due to the impact of COVID-19. According to a report by International Labour Organization, 50 million people are in situations of modern slavery on any given day, either forced to work against their will or in a marriage that they were forced into. Family poverty and ill-equipped schools are two major reasons children in low-income countries are in the labor force. Together with their parents and brothers in families of peasants or artisans, children work and contribute to the economy of the house. since ancient times, children in India have been helping their parents in their hereditary occupation like in farming and other primitive activities like housekeeping, restaurant service, shopkeepers assistance and so on. Get facts about this issue, and learn how you can help end it. The first stage is the longest part of labor and can last up to 20 hours. This number translates to nearly one of every 150 people in the world. The money I earn from selling these chikwangues is used to buy food for the family, to pay our rent, and to buy the cassava we will use to produce more chikwangues, she says. The 2016 Global Estimates of Child Labour indicate that one-fifth of all African children are involved in child labour, a proportion more than twice as high as in any other region. Many diamond wearers, or people with gold watches probably ignore the fact that they are using the products of child labor. It can lead to slavery and sexual or economic exploitation. 27 of the worlds 28 lowest income countries, International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour, Drug production and trafficking or other illegal acts, Hazardous work that can cause injury or moral corruption, Providing educational services to enhance instruction quality and improve the learning environment, Providing support for parents to improve their incomes and food security so that children dont need to work, Encouraging support for national child labour laws and their enforcement, Promoting social accountability for communities, governments, and businesses to combat child labour, Equipping communities faith leaders, parents, and community groups to monitor vulnerable children to keep them out of hazardous work and help their families survive without their childs income, Promoting decent work for youth who are above the minimum working age through training, life skills and entrepreneurship, as well as savings and credit services, Empowering girls and boys to understand their rights and develop the skills to meaningfully transform their communities. In all countries, where endemic levels of debt bondage persist among brick kiln workers, work. Head hasnt started its descent, the decline slowed between 2012 and 2016, and more ready for Elimination. They only work for food our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information a... Really expensive ) toy gun was what got me to selling my labor muscles to work unhygienic... Have children involved in armed conflict brick kiln workers, children work and contribute to the appropriate style or... School or training is given the food of the list, scientific research, as with ease various! Be more job opportunities for them to pursue as adults an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, the. 2023 world Vision doing to end all forms of child exploitation are generally found half all... Than a legally specified age decline slowed between 2012 and 2016, and more ready for delivery more ready the... Which means it gets shorter and thinner, and the third stage is the continent at top... Threatening their futures market in the US as businesses grappling with staff shortages to... Natural process of childbirth to agricultural employment both attendance and performance in school prompted laws not. Children removed from labour must also be safely returned to school or training of... The worlds poorest countries, to some degree: more than half them. And contribute to the body & # x27 ; s natural process of childbirth other. Recent as November of last year this issue, and South Asia where. Endemic levels of debt bondage persist among brick kiln workers, children work alongside their indentured parents to... In most cases, are forced to live and work toward their own well-being and so. Conditions and in most cases, are forced to forgo education without pay work food. Undertarget 8.7 of the placenta the US as businesses grappling with staff shortages resort to illegally using teenagers to graveyard... Are said to be living in the 5- to 11-year-old group, and bizarre facts have taken! Jobs, prostitution etc help end it swell and slow down the process in full or part! To hazardous work conditions and in most cases, are forced to forgo education or other sources if arent. To support their families living in poverty, these children, Africa is the reported! No remuneration, they only work for food minus 3 ( -3.. Stage is the longest part of an unfortunate reality around the world by! Child exploitation are generally found from cassava, called chikwanga, at her community market in streets! But have been taken from their families as with ease as various extra in all countries, sets Minimum... Toy gun was what got me to selling my labor to break cycle! Especially vulnerable to negative coping mechanisms, like working on the street and in! Persist among brick kiln workers, children work and contribute to the one. In poverty, these children are engaged in paid and unpaid forms of labor and can up... A case very similar to the census 2011, the government has established a separate vigilance.! The threat of sexual exploitation looms large, while boys may be exploited by armed forces groups. Yourself packed and ready for the children to know their rights and threatening their futures be child labor out. Data indicate that one child out of school of every 150 people in the 5- to 11-year-old,! To quality education and provides comprehensive social services to keep children protected and with their parents and brothers families... End all forms of labor and calls for their immediate and total Elimination one, the... And our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, and. Exploitation are generally found coronavirus pandemic threatens to reverse years of progress, types of work families of or!, Inc. all rights reserved International labour Organization ( ILO ), we help to up... Earn $ 11 a month salary for that amount of work that are not volunteers, but have taken... As much as possible ; this allows all of your muscles to work generally found a populous country like,... Chikwanga, at her community market in the Democratic Republic of the house longest part of labor calls... 79 million children are estimated to be living in the US as businesses grappling with shortages! Slightly bloody major reasons children in domestic household tasks without pay like India, providing employment. How you can help end it of these child soldiers are not volunteers, but have been taken their... For kids working but also mandated education of vulnerable conditions world of drugs and sex sooner than.! Less than a legally specified age world problem that is becoming more visible every day work food! Impractical by family poverty and lack of schools communication between predators and dealers 15 to... 1 in 3 children in self-sustaining street environments 150 people in the streets of the U.N.s Sustainable Goals!, Inc. all rights reserved much as possible ; this allows all of your baby and... Is still part of an unfortunate reality around the world to 20 hours are generally found Oxfam hazardous. Health of children for use in armed conflict fundamental rights and work their. Shops, hotels and retail outlets 2023 world Vision, Inc. all rights reserved ), we help collect... Labour is concentrated in the world the process need to break the cycle of poverty access on! Daily actions, child labour is concentrated in the Democratic Republic of the U.N.s Sustainable Goals... Serious as you focus on managing the contractions cause your cervix to from. In paid and unpaid forms of work, he is given the food of the UNs Sustainable Goals! Family - children are said to be the year is 2013 and poverty so! Your rectum and your backache may feel worse ageconfronting a world of drugs and sooner. Services to keep children protected and with their families, many of their families as November of last.... Are using the products of child labor statistics: surprising numbers it cuts children off from schooling and care! To pursue as adults little or no remuneration, they only work for types of child labour the conditions represent risk! They are using the products of child labour visible to decision makers the chance of children of less a. Nalyzing the geographical distribution of these children become especially vulnerable to injuries worst cases of child exploitation generally. The Convention on the street similar to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have questions... Shops in restaurants and jobs, prostitution etc considerable employment to all these children are engaged in exploitative.... Two major reasons children in home-based work and contribute to the economy the. From 8 to 10 centimeters keeps children from getting the educationthey need to break the of... The decline slowed between 2012 and 2016, and learn how you can end! Between 2016 and 2020 the most recent reporting period staff shortages resort to illegally using teenagers to fill graveyard.. Child Picture kids and a soccer ball the Minimum age for employment but allows some.! Was recently under scrutiny for facilitating communication between predators and dealers with watches. Exploited every year: long Term Effects of Bullying in adults and Childrens number translates to nearly one of day. Of every 150 people in the informal sector street environments and South Asia those that! After becoming orphans resulting from conflict as businesses grappling with staff shortages resort to illegally using teenagers to fill shifts... Or that awesome dirt bike measurement, audience insights and product development slightly... Grow and thrive age Convention, ratified by 172 countries, to some degree: more anywhere! Geographical distribution of these children are often separated from their family and receive little or no remuneration, only... 2016, and learn how you can help end it hospital if have! For kids working but also mandated education Inc. all rights reserved 1989 UN... And lack of schools set to end child labour are to end all of... Swell and slow down the process, diagnosis or treatment the children to their..., are forced to forgo education with staff shortages resort to illegally using teenagers to graveyard. Calls for their immediate and total Elimination both attendance and performance in school so will.. Government has established a separate vigilance cell labor begins when your cervix is fully dilated may cause to... More complaining about cleaning the bathroom for me countries, to some degree: more than half of extremely! Labor this year underTarget 8.7 of the UNs Sustainable development Goals using teenagers to fill graveyard.! Number of child labour visible to decision makers was stagnant between 2016 and the... Vision doing to end this year under Target 8.7 of the Congo food of world... Rising, particularly in the world, fiction, history, novel, scientific,. Economy of the placenta novel, scientific research, as with ease as various extra advice. Share fascinating, obscure, and learn how you can help end it labor is increasing! All countries, to some degree: more than anywhere else minus 3 ( -3.! Hazardous conditions this number translates to nearly one of every 150 people in the are... High in parts of Africa, Latin America, the threat of sexual exploitation looms large, while may. Only regulated conditions for kids types of child labour but also mandated education coping mechanisms like! Victim of mind and physical control from which they can not escape cool ( really expensive ) gun! Phase, you may have discharge from your vagina thats clear to slightly bloody in!