Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction while taking milk thistle: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. The Natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. Current studies on milk thistle use a wide range of doses. Liver toxicity has been observed at very high doses (10 to 20 grams per day) of silybin, an active compound of milk thistle. Of the total drug interactions, To be safe, talk with your healthcare provider about proper milk thistle dosage. 1 Although research is still emerging, milk thistle may be beneficial for conditions relating to the liver and gallbladder. Milk thistle comes in many forms, including tea. The plants are native to the Mediterranean regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.One species has been introduced elsewhere, including in North America. This article will explore the potential uses of milk thistle. Use the same precautions when using milk thistle tea as you would if you were taking milk thistle supplements. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved milk thistle for the treatment of cancer. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. It is not yet clear whether milk thistle is equally beneficial for bone loss with a different cause. These results are consistent with other evidence suggesting that milk thistle has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine, irinotecan, or indinavir.3 Because a majority of the drugs in use today are substrates for one or more of these 4 isozymes, this is good news. 1997-. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. Possible side effects of milk thistle include gastrointestinal upset, headache, skin reactions, insomnia, joint pain, cold-like symptoms, and impotence. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen X. For this reason, people who take diabetes medication may need to avoid milk thistle. Hepatology. More research is needed before a standard dosage of milk thistle can be recommended. Mothers who used milk thistle to boost their milk production reported unwanted weight gain along with irritability and nausea (16). Silymarin, a Promising Pharmacological Agent for Treatment of Diseases, Iranian University of Medical Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Although some studies have shown positive results on milk thistle for people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the overall research does not show a benefit. A survey conducted in the United States reported that 23% of those polled used herbal supplements for their hepatitis C, with milk thistle being the most common choice. Although the study was in vitro, given the potent inhibition of all glucuronidation pathways for raloxifene, the study authors predicted that milk thistle would produce a 4- to 5-fold increase in systemic exposure of raloxifene in humans. There is no standard dose of milk thistle, so it is best to read the dosage suggested on the packaging. 2020;34(6):1446-1454. doi:10.1002/ptr.6620. Although there is no documented evidence of a milk thistle overdose, that does not mean it is impossible. It could help the body fight off infection as well as reduce chronic inflammation produced by the immune system. Can Apoaequorin Really Improve Your Memory? Is there also a role for herbs and supplements? Dietary supplements are not regulated like drugs in the United States, meaning the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve them for safety and effectiveness before products are marketed. Weight Loss for Health and Longevity, Science Reveals How Red Meat Harms the Heart, Flavored Vapes Still in Stores Despite Federal Ban, New COVID Antiviral Pills: What You Need to Know, Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Cancer Risk, WebMD Loses Cherished Leader Kristy Hammam, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. gallbladder disorders. This article explores potential milk thistle benefits and examines whether there is any scientific evidence to support its use. Take charge of your healthtalk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. 2019;33(6):1627-1638. doi:10.1002/ptr.6361. Liver cleanses promise to rid the body of toxins and impurities, but are controversial because there is little science to support their use. Small studies mainly performed on cells in laboratories have found that milk thistle can slow cancer cell and tumor growth and possibly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). An older study found that milk thistle extract had a positive effect on immune response in humans. Another 2020 study in mice concluded that silymarin could help control asthma symptoms by regulating immune responses. 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Until researchers carry out more studies, however, doctors do not recommend milk thistle as the primary treatment option for liver problems. We recommend reserving action for when interactions are based only on in vitro studies. Milk thistle has been used for diabetes in combination with standard treatment. Last medically reviewed on December 17, 2021. The study looked specifically at bone loss caused by a deficiency in estrogen among rats that had their ovaries removed. Refer to storage information printed on the package. The milk may have fallen on the leaves, leaving white marks. Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Loose stools or upset stomach may occur. It is possible to take too much milk thistle. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. The antioxidant properties of milk thistle can regenerate and minimize the damages in the liver cells which are done by consuming alcohol (1). If necessary, be sure to check the label to learn if a supplement is vegan or not. Occasionally, people report various digestive side effects. Rambaldi A, Jacobs BP, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. Milk thistle has not been implicated in causing liver injury and is still used widely as a liver tonic in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) contains silymarin which is a mixture of flavonolignans, mainly silibinin (also known as silybin), as well as silycristine, silydianin, quercetin and taxifolin. How should we deal with preliminary information such as this? What Happens If I Take Too Much Milk Thistle? Some people claim it can help to treat: cirrhosis. A 2006 study suggests that milk thistle may play a role in keeping cholesterol levels down. Limited laboratory research suggests that the compound silibinin in milk thistle may help to prevent breast cancer, according to the NIH. Milk thistle. 2011;17(18):2288-2301. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i18.2288. The terms milk thistle and silymarin are often used interchangeably. One of the active ingredients in milk thistle called silymarin is extracted from the plant's seeds. A 2020 narrative review detailing silymarin's potential uses for the liver noted its antioxidant-like effects in people with cirrhosis. This suggests milk thistle may be beneficial for those looking to lose weight. Doctors mainly use the plant to treat liver problems, but some people claim it can lower cholesterol and help manage type 2 diabetes. But it is important to remember that supplement claims are not regulated in the United States. 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Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. Steep milk thistle tea bags or loose-leaf milk thistle tea in hot water. Milk Thistle, PDQ Cancer Information Summaries, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. It can be extracted from milk thistle and is said to offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Silybum (milk thistle) is a genus of two species of thistles in the family Asteraceae. They gave some rats silybin (the active compound in milk thistle) at both 300 and 600 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of body weight and found that these rats had significantly lower total blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Other potential benefits include . Rambaldi, A.; Jacobs, B.; Iaquinto G, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic Cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Tajmohammadi A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Together, you can make shared, well-informed decisions. The effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances. The medical community requires further studies before it can safely conclude that milk thistle supports bone health in humans. Because milk thistle is a supplement, the FDA does not regulate it in the same way as it regulates drugs. Another 2020 review of research on milk thistle concluded the compound silymarin appears to be a promising substance for the treatment of insulin resistance, including in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Though milk thistle has been historically used to improve the flow of breast milk, its benefits during breastfeeding and pregnancy are not well studied yet. In a pharmacokinetic study, 9 healthy subjects were given 4 probe drugscaffeine, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, and midazolam— to test for the effect of milk thistle on CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4.2 The drugs were given before and after the subjects received a standardized milk thistle extract 3 times daily for 14 days. Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum) is a herbal product widely used in the United States and around the world. Please review supplement labels with your healthcare provider to discuss any potential interactions with foods, other supplements, and medications. Common Names:milk thistle, Mary thistle, holy thistle, Latin Names:Silybum marianum, synonym Carduus marianus. Consult with your healthcare provider if you experience these and other side effects to find out the best way to proceed. It also suppressed an overactive immune system to tamp down on chronic inflammation involved in conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Some people claim it can help to treat: Other potential benefits include protecting heart health by lowering cholesterol levels and helping people manage type 2 diabetes. Milk thistle is native to the Mediterranean region. However, there are a few side effects of milk thistle associated with its overconsumption. In some studies, silibinin, an active component of milk thistle, has been shown to have estrogen-like effects. Milk thistle contains a chemical called silymarin, which can decrease blood sugar levels (10). Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first. The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Although milk thistle may be helpful in hepatitis C, more research is needed to support these claims. Also known by its scientific name, Silybum marianum, milk thistle grows mostly in California, although it can be grown in many other warm climates as well. What. Read our. Bunchorntavakul C, Wootthananont T, Atsawarungruangkit A. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003620.pub3. Milk thistle interacts with these drugs as both are broken down by the same liver enzymes. Click here for additional information. Merlin has conducted various weight management programs, prepared diet Ravi Teja Tadimalla is an editor and a published author. Toxicity is also possible if too much milk thistle is taken. Milk thistle (silymarin) is a flowering herb related to the daisy and ragweed family. It will also cover milk thistle side effects, precautions, dosage, and interactions. Continue reading. 2005;100(11):2583-91. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00262.x. 10 Remedies For Dull Skin, Signs, Causes, And Prevention, 30 Effective Home Remedies To Get Wrinkle-Free Skin, Skin Elasticity: What Is It And 10 Ways To Improve It, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11896/, https://nccih.nih.gov/health/milkthistle/ataglance.htm, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541075/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4538855/, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2019.01356/full, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4164972/, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1534735407301942, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4116427/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25396404, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/silybum-marianum, https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/334488, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65780/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586829/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000830/, 6 Health Benefits Of Wheat Germ & How To Include In Your Diet, Honey And Cinnamon: Health Benefits And Nutritional Value, 33 Wonderful Benefits Of Banana For Skin, Hair, And Health, Top 4 Health Benefits Of White Beans You Must Know, Sourdough Bread Benefits, Nutrition Profile, & Side Effects, 10 Research Backed Health Benefits Of Grape Juice + Nutritional Value, 7 Benefits Of Dry Dates For Health & Their Nutritional Value. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Lifestyle measures and some medications can slow the progress of diabetes. World J Gastroenterol. Herb-drug Interactions: A Literature Review, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects: summary. A 2013 study found that milk thistle helped to prevent bone loss. Olive Oil Vs. For this reason, it is important to buy milk thistle from reputable retailers. Dosage: How Much Milk Thistle Should I Take? When choosing a new supplement, it is vital that you carefully read the label's ingredient list and nutrition facts panel to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included. Evidence and risks, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, protecting the liver, immune system, and kidneys, providing antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties, reducing the risk of diabetes, arthritis, and obesity. Keep all medications and herbal products away from children and pets. The survey revealed anecdotal evidence of the improved quality of life among those who took milk thistle, despite having no measurable improvements in hepatitis symptoms like liver inflammation. Milk thistle may produce allergic reactions, which tend to be more common among people who are allergic to plants in the same family (for example, ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy). When possible, choose a supplement that has been tested by a trusted third party, such as USP, ConsumerLabs, or NSF. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Milk thistle might interact with statin drugs, which are known to lower cholesterol levels (lipid-lowering) (9). Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. After all, when this interaction is studied in humans, it may prove to be insignificant. Research states that milk thistle can cause certain abdominal problems like diarrhea, bloating, gas, and an upset stomach. The active ingredient in milk thistle, silymarin, acts as an antioxidant by reducing free radical production. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a flowering herb native to Europe but also found in parts of the United States, Australia, Asia, Africa, and South America. Effect of silymarin on biochemical indicators in patients with liver disease: systematic review with meta-analysis. 2020;37(4):1279-1301. doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01251-y. Take this product by mouth as directed. Copyright 2011 - 2023 IncNut Stylecraze Private Limited. It may take one or two weeks for milk thistle to start working. Articles on StyleCraze are backed by verified information from peer-reviewed and academic research papers, reputed organizations, research institutions, and medical associations to ensure accuracy and relevance. Until this potential interaction is resolved with clinical studies, we should probably go no further than watching for raloxifene toxicity if a patient is using milk thistle concurrently. He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in F more. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. The leaves are wide with white blotches or veins. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Achufusi TGO, Patel RK. It is unknown if this product passes into breast milk. Allergic reactions, abdominal problems, and estrogen and drug interactions are some of the common side effects seen in people who take this herb for extended durations. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. Some of these estrogen pills may include equine estrogens, ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, etc (6), (7), (8). Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Follow all directions on the product package. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. Also known as Mary thistle or holy thistle, milk thistle grows in Mediterranean countries and people use it to make natural remedies. Milk thistle might also decrease hormone levels in the body (5). anti-tuberculosis drugs, as well as one of the important factors leading to poor prognosis of tuberculosis. Front Immunol. Common interactions include dry mouth among females and fatigue among males. This herb is native to Southern Europe and is used widely for its benefits. Milk thistle (PDQ) health professional version. Oxidative stress is a potential cause of Alzheimers disease. Inhibition of glucuronidation by milk thistle may be the most likely mechanism for clinically important drug interactions, but supporting clinical data are needed before specific action can be recommended. The Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) on Human Cytochrome P450 Activity, Drug Metabolsim and Disposition, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. A 2016 study found that milk thistle improved diet-induced liver damage in mice. Milk thistle is a purported galactogogue,[2] and is included in some proprietary mixtures promoted to . Learn, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. The common name, milk thistle, is derived from the "milky white" veins on the leaves, which, when broken open, yield a milky sap. In:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). Studies show that silymarin may help ease inflammation and promote cell repair. It's commonly used to detoxify the body and promote liver and gallbladder health. Fried MW, Navarro VJ, Afdhal N, et al. People sometimes use milk thistle for hepatitis C, a viral infection of the liver. A 2019 study also performed on cells in a lab found that the compounds in milk thistle may protect against the harmful effects of sun exposure, including slowing down skin aging. Available for Android and iOS devices. However, there is a lack of . However, there is no solid evidence that supports these claims. Review of Clinical Trials Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn. A study from 2012 confirmed that milk thistle might not have true beneficial effects on hepatitis C. In the study, patients who took silymarin, an active component of milk thistle, daily for 24 weeks had no significant improvements in liver enzymes or other measures compared to those who took the placebo. They should be kept out of direct sunlight, and the seal should always be tight. J Med Assoc Thai. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It does not appear to have much effect on most CYP450 isozymes, although a small effect on CYP2C9 is possible (based on inhibition of losartan metabolism). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. If you have any of the following health problems, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this product: conditions that are affected by estrogen (such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cancer of the breast/uterus/ovary). Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit. To ensure quality and safety, choose products that have undergone testing and certification by independent agencies like U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), ConsumerLab, and NSF International. The following two tabs change content below. Although there are some conflicting data, such as a possible inhibition of the CYP2C9 metabolism of losartan, most of the data suggest a minimal effect of milk thistle on CYP450 isozymes. Check if they have been certified organic following U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations. However, more research is needed to understand the benefits of milk thistle on humans. People can purchase milk thistle supplements in health food stores or online. Similar to milk thistle, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has antioxidant effects. However, there are a few side effects of milk thistle associated with its excess intake. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. However, many of these potential benefits are not backed by science. Some such drugs may include (12): Since milk thistle affects how well the liver breaks down these medications, it can affect how well these medications can work. Milk thistle side effects (more detail) Vegetable Oil: Nutrition Facts And Differences. Effect of continuous silymarin administration on oral talinolol pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. The name "milk thistle" derives from a feature of the leaves, which are prominently banded with splashes of white. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Taking 420 mg of milk thistle a day (standardized to 70% silymarin) in divided doses is safe, for 6 to 8 weeks (15). Milk thistle is not found in foods, which means the only way to consume milk thistle is through supplements or tea. High cholesterol can lead to problems with heart health and increase a persons chance of stroke. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use milk thistle without first talking to your healthcare provider. However, consult a doctor to figure out the daily recommended dosage of this herb. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease. Researchers found silymarin stimulated the immune system. Should I avoid certain foods while taking Milk Thistle Capsule? Horn and Hansten are both professors of pharmacy at the University of Washington School of Pharmacy. How this happens is yet to be studied. Has not approved milk thistle is a potential cause of Alzheimers disease genus of species. Mothers who used milk thistle improved diet-induced liver damage in mice the packaging 24,000 prescription drugs over-the-counter. The products you use hormone levels in people with cirrhosis taking any drug changing! Estrogen among rats that had their ovaries removed a 2006 study suggests that the compound silibinin in milk Capsule. Bone health in humans with statin drugs, as well as one of the interaction outweighs the benefit known its. Involved in conditions such as this otherwise, call a poison control center right away the study looked specifically bone. Food and drug Administration ( FDA ) has antioxidant effects component of milk.! Help ease inflammation and promote liver and gallbladder health its benefits biochemical indicators in patients with liver and..., 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S. Department of Agriculture ( USDA regulations! Should we deal with preliminary information such as asthma and allergic rhinitis inflammation involved in such... 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